黄土高原降水年内分布差异对旱作果园蒸散特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2363-2372.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.013

黄土高原降水年内分布差异对旱作果园蒸散特征的影响

张丽娜, 张育斌, 王军德^*

甘肃省水利科学研究院, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2020-03-16 接受日期:2020-04-27 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: jundwang@163.com
作者简介:张丽娜,女,1993年生,助理工程师。主要从事农业水土资源利用研究。E-mail: zhangln-en@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400904)、甘肃省水利科研计划项目(2018-70,2020-37)和甘肃省国际科技合作项目(17YF1WA154)资助

Effects of annual distribution difference of precipitation on evapotranspiration characteristics of dry orchard in Loess Plateau, China

ZHANG Li-na, ZHANG Yu-bin, WANG Jun-de^*

Gansu Academy for Water Conservancy, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2020-03-16 Accepted:2020-04-27 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
Contact: E-mail: jundwang@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0400904), the Scientific Research Program of Gansu Water Resources Bureau (2018-70, 2020-37) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Gansu Province (17YF1WA154).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天然降水是雨养农业区水文循环的主要驱动因子,在一定程度上决定着土壤水分生态环境,从而影响作物的蒸散特征。本研究通过分析静宁地区历年降水年内分布特征,明确了降水的集中趋势,在2018和2019年田间定位试验基础上,探究土壤水分随降水发生的变化过程以及果园蒸散特征对降水年内分布差异的响应规律。结果表明: 试验区历年降水集中度较高,集中期多分布在7和8月,8月所占比例达75%,且各年降水集中期出现的早晚变化较大。土壤水分对降水的响应主要集中在0～40 cm土层,深层水分只有在大雨量和连续性降水出现时才会发生明显变化。同为丰水年的情况下,2018年降水集中度高,集中期早,时间短,果树日耗水强度呈单峰结构,变幅较大;2019年降水分布均匀,集中期滞后,日耗水强度呈双峰结构,变幅小,大峰靠后。果树最大需水期历时长,2018年大雨的集中分布无法满足后期果树生理需水,果实产量受损,降水利用效率较2019年下降30.2%。黄土高原地区在苹果树幼果生长期往往会出现短暂干旱,影响果实品质,需加强该时段的水分管控。

关键词: 降水, 雨养农业区, 苹果, 土壤水分, 蒸散

Abstract: Precipitation is the main driving factor for hydrological cycle in rain-fed agricultural areas, which determines the water-related ecological environment and affects the evapotranspiration characteristics of crops. By analyzing the annual distribution characteristics of precipitation across different years, this study clarified the concentrated trend of precipitation in Jingning County. Based on a field experiment in 2018 and 2019, the changes of soil moisture with precipitation and the response process of orchard evapotranspiration characteristics to the annual distribution differences of precipitation were explored. The results showed that the concentration degree of precipitation was high in the study area over the years. The concentration period was mainly distributed in July and August, with the proportion of August being up to 75%. Moreover, the time of precipitation concentration period varied greatly among years. The response of soil moisture to precipitation was mainly concentrated in the 0-40 cm layer, while moisture in deep soil layer would change significantly only in response to heavy and continuous rain. Both 2018 and 2019 were water-rich years. The precipitation concentration degree in 2018 was high, and the concentration period was earlier and shorter, with the diurnal water consumption of apple trees showing a single peak with large amplitude. In 2019, the distribution of precipitation was uniform, the concentration period was late, and the diurnal water consumption showed double-peak with a small amplitude and a lagged large peak. The maximum water demand period of apple trees lasted a long time. The concentrated distribution of heavy rain in 2018 could not meet the physiological water demands of apple trees in the later period, which damaged the yield, and the utilization efficiency of precipitation decreased by 30.2% compared with 2019. In the Loess Plateau region, there is often a brief drought during the young fruit growth period, which would affect fruit quality. Therefore, water management during this period should be strengthened.

Key words: precipitation, rainfed agricultural region, apple, soil moisture, evapotranspiration

张丽娜, 张育斌, 王军德. 黄土高原降水年内分布差异对旱作果园蒸散特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2363-2372.

ZHANG Li-na, ZHANG Yu-bin, WANG Jun-de. Effects of annual distribution difference of precipitation on evapotranspiration characteristics of dry orchard in Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2363-2372.

参考文献

[1] 穆艳, 王延平. 黄土长武塬区苹果林地水量平衡研究. 农业现代化研究, 2017, 38(1): 161-167 [Mu Y, Wang Y-P. Study on soil water balance of apple orchards in the loess tableland of China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2017, 38(1): 161-167]
[2] 樊军, 郝明德, 邵明安. 黄土旱塬农业生态系统土壤深层水分消耗与水分生态环境效应. 农业工程学报, 2004, 20(1): 61-64 [Fan J, Hao M-D, Shao M-A. Water consumption of deep soil layers and eco-environmental effects of agricultural ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultu-ral Engineering, 2004, 20(1): 61-64]
[3] 张北赢, 徐学选, 刘文兆, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同降水年型下土壤水分动态. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(6): 1234-1240 [Zhang B-Y, Xu X-X, Liu W-Z, et al. Dynamic changes of soil moisture in loess hilly and gully region under effects of different yearly precipitation patterns. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(6): 1234-1240]
[4] 李天星. 陕西苹果补灌效应及灌溉需水量空间分布规律研究. 硕士论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016 [Li T-X. Study on Supplementary Irrigation Effects on, and Spatial Variations of Irrigation Requirements for Apple in Shanxi Province. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2016]
[5] 郭小平. 晋西黄土区集雨补灌果园耗水特征及补灌效应研究. 博士论文. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2006 [Guo X-P. Study on Characteristics of Water Consumption of Orchard and Supplementary Irrigation Effect on Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2006]
[6] 杨金虎, 靳荣, 刘晓云, 等. 西北地区东部汛期降水季节内分布特征分析. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(5): 942-950 [Yang J-H, Jin R, Liu X-Y, et al. Inter-seasonal distribution pattern of rainy season precipitation in the east region of Northwest China. Arid Land Geography, 2017, 40(5): 942-950]
[7] 李栋梁, 谢金南, 王文. 中国西北夏季降水特征及其异常研究. 大气科学, 1997, 21(3): 331-340 [Li D-L, Xie J-N, Wang W. A study of summer precipitation features and anomaly in Northwest China. Scientia Atmospheric Sinica, 1997, 21(3): 331-340]
[8] 党宏忠, 却晓娥, 冯金超, 等. 晋西黄土区苹果树边材液流速率对环境驱动的响应. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(3): 823-831 [Dang H-Z, Que X-E, Feng J-C, et al. Response of sap flow rate of apple trees to environmental factors in Loess Plateau of Western Shanxi Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(3): 823-831]
[9] 张静, 王力. 黄土塬区苹果园蒸散与环境因素的关系. 林业科学, 2018, 54(3): 29-38 [Zhang J, Wang L. The relationship between the evapotranspiration and the environmental factors in the apple orchards in the loess tableland area. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(3): 29-38]
[10] Zhang LJ, Qian YF. Annual distribution features of the yearly precipitation in China and their interannual variations. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2003, 17: 146-163
[11] 王博博. 静宁县苹果果园管理模式调查与评价. 硕士论文. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2018 [Wang B-B. The Investigation and Evaluation of Apple Orchard Management Model in Jingning County. Master Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2018]
[12] 刘文莉, 张明军, 王圣杰, 等. 1960—2011年陕西省年内降水分配非均匀性特征及预测. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(7): 1877-1887 [Liu W-L, Zhang M-J, Wang S-J, et al. Intra-annual inhomogeneity of precipitation and its prediction in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China in 1960-2011. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(7): 1877-1887]
[13] 曾健. 陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区涌泉根灌苹果树耗水特征与灌溉制度研究. 硕士论文. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2018 [Zeng J. Water Consumption Characteristics and Irrigation Schedule of Mountain Apple Tree of Surge-Root Irrigation in Loess Hilly-Gullied Area of Northern Shaanxi. Master Thesis. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Technology, 2018]
[14] 宋幽静, 何俊仕, 董克宝, 等. 膜下滴灌对降水入渗影响研究. 节水灌溉, 2017(11): 1-5 [Song Y-J, He J-S, Dong K-B, et al. A study on influence of drip irrigation under film on rainfall infiltration. Water Saving Irrigation, 2017(11): 1-5]
[15] Nemeskéri E. Water relations of apple and influence on fruit quality. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 2007, 13: 59-63
[16] 张义, 谢永生, 郝明德. 黄土沟壑区王东沟流域苹果品质限制性生态因子探析. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(6): 1184-1190 [Zhang Y, Xie Y-S, Hao M-D. Limiting ecological factors evaluation of high-quality apple at Wangdonggou Watershed in Loess Gully Region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(6): 1184-1190]
[17] Chen H, Shao M, Li Y. The characteristics of soil water cycle and water balance on steep grassland under natural and simulated rainfall conditions in the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 360: 242-251
[18] 陆登荣, 黄斌, 王劲松. 甘肃河东雨养农业区旬降水变化及其与土壤湿度关系. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(2): 230-235 [Lu D-R, Huang B, Wang J-S. Change of the ten-day precipitation and its relationship with soil moisture in the rain-fed area east of the Yellow River in Gansu Province. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(2): 230-235]
[19] 葛波, 杜妍, 常猛, 等. 不同降雨等级下杉木林土壤含水率和侧向流变化特征. 水土保持研究, 2019, 26(2): 161-166 [Ge B, Du Y, Chang M, et al. Soil water content and lateral rheology of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest under different rainfall levels. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 26(2): 161-166]
[20] 徐冉. 干旱半干旱草原土壤水分对降雨的响应及植物群落与气象因子的关系研究. 硕士论文. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2019 [Xu R. Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall in Arid Semi-Arid Grassland and Relationship Between Plant Community and Meteorological Factors. Master Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019]
[21] 李佳旸, 王延平, 韩明玉, 等. 陕北黄土丘陵区山地苹果园的土壤水分动态研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(5): 749-758 [Li J-Y, Wang Y-P, Han M-Y, et al. Soil moisture dynamics of apple orchards in Loess Hilly Area of northern Shaanxi Province. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(5): 749-758]
[22] 郭正, 李军, 张玉娇, 等. 黄土高原不同降水量区旱作苹果园地水分生产力和土壤干燥化效应模拟与比较. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(1): 135-150 [Guo Z, Li J, Zhang Y-J, et al. Simulation and comparison of water productivity and soil desiccation effects of apple orchards in different rainfall regions of the Loess Pla-teau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016, 31(1): 135-150]
[23] 张瑞, 李鹏展, 王力. 黄土旱塬区土壤水分状况与作物生长、降水的关系. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(2): 359-369 [Zhang R, Li P-Z, Wang L. Relationship between soil moisture dynamics, crop growth and precipi-tation in rain-fed area of the Loess Tableland, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(2): 359-369]
[24] 王延平, 韩明玉, 张林森, 等. 陕西黄土高原苹果园土壤水分分异特征. 林业科学, 2013, 49(7): 16-25 [Wang Y-P, Han M-Y, Zhang L-S, et al. Spatial cha-racteristics of soil moisture of apple orchards in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2013, 49(7): 16-25]
[25] 王石言, 王力, 韩雪, 等. 黄土塬区盛果期苹果园的蒸散特征. 林业科学, 2016, 52(1): 128-135 [Wang S-Y, Wang L, Han X, et al. Evapotranspiration characteristics of apple orchard at peak period of fruiting in loess tableland. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(1): 128-135]
[26] 陈锡云, 刘文兆. 半干旱黄土丘陵区果园水分蒸散特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2000, 14(3): 67-70 [Chen X-Y, Liu W-Z. Evapotranspiration from apple orchard in semi-arid loess hilly and gully region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 14(3): 67-70]

黄土高原降水年内分布差异对旱作果园蒸散特征的影响

Effects of annual distribution difference of precipitation on evapotranspiration characteristics of dry orchard in Loess Plateau, China

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	甘文静, 莫上萱, 张建洪, 宋贤威, 冼金梅, 杨露, 农海勤. 北部湾防城河流域水源涵养格局及其对降雨的响应特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(2): 407-414.
[2]	马晓明, 李丹, 雷佳, 于婕, 王楠, 侯贤清, 魏娜, 李荣. 不同降水年型下耕作方式结合覆盖对旱地土壤物理性质和马铃薯产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(2): 447-456.
[3]	纪永康, 马楠, 张慧, 李翠环, 马元丹, 武启骞, 李彦. 降水季节性分配对亚热带森林土壤氮矿化的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(1): 186-194.
[4]	洪辛茜, 孙涛, 陈利顶. 城市化背景下植被物候动态变化及驱动因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2436-2444.
[5]	吴绍雄, 张勇勇, 赵文智, 康文蓉, 田子晗. 基于COSMIC模型的宇宙射线中子反演荒漠-绿洲区土壤水分 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2445-2452.
[6]	代泽成, 刘月秀, 党宁, 王志瑞, 蔡江平, 张玉革, 宋永波, 李慧, 姜勇. 长期氮水添加对温带草原土壤化学性质和微生物学特性的短期遗留效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1834-1844.
[7]	郭蓉, 吴旭东, 王占军, 蒋齐, 俞鸿千, 贺婧, 刘文娟, 马琨. 荒漠草原土壤细菌和真菌群落对降水变化的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1500-1508.
[8]	蓝浩宸, 刘琰琰, 张玉芳, 康杨. 基于标准化降水蒸散指数的川西高原干旱时空变化 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1533-1540.
[9]	明姣, 杨光, 赵允格, 马昕昕, 孙会, 乔羽. 放牧对降雨条件下黄土高原退耕草地土壤水分补给的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1555-1562.
[10]	南益聪, 杨永刚, 王泽青, 周杨, 苏巧梅. 煤矸石对矿区土壤特性与植物生长的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(5): 1253-1262.
[11]	于水, 张晓龙, 刘志娟, 王妍, 沈彦军. 1961—2020年松花江流域极端气候指数的时空变化特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 1091-1101.
[12]	王圣杰, 王立伟, 张明军. 降水氢氧稳定同位素景观图谱方法与应用 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 566-576.
[13]	李嘉洁, 章新平, 肖雄, 张赐成, 王锐, 戴军杰, 罗紫东, 刘娜. 亚热带季风区典型土壤-植物-大气连续体中水体平均滞留时间 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12): 3184-3194.
[14]	徐贺光, 李娅丽, 何国兴, 柳小妮, 纪童, 肖蓉. 陇中地区温性草原土壤化学计量特征对气候因子的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(11): 3003-3010.
[15]	于波, 秦嗣军, 吕德国. 自然生草制苹果园土壤微生物、酶活性和养分含量对行间草耕翻还田的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 145-150.