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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2371-2378.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202209.003

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退化草地物种种内和种间功能性状变异对放牧的响应

季飞龙1,2, 李雪华1*, 李晓兰3, 贾美玉4, 赵志勇5   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3赤峰学院, 内蒙古赤峰 024000;
    4东华理工大学, 南昌 330032;
    5辽宁大学, 沈阳 110136
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-13 接受日期:2022-05-14 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lixuehua@iae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:季飞龙, 男, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事草原植物多样性研究。E-mail: jifeilong21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31860137)和内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技人才项目(NJYT22118)资助。

Responses of intraspecific and interspecific variations of plant functional traits to grazing in degraded grassland

JI Fei-long1,2, LI Xue-hua1*, LI Xiao-lan3, JIA Mei-yu4, ZHAO Zhi-yong5   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China;
    4East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330032, China;
    5Liaoning University, Shenyang 110136, China
  • Received:2022-01-13 Accepted:2022-05-14 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2023-03-15

摘要: 研究草地植物功能性状变异对放牧干扰的响应机制,有助于解析草地生态系统群落构建和功能多样性维持机制及植物对环境的适应及权衡策略。以科尔沁沙地退化草地为对象,研究围封和放牧草地物种多种功能性状(植株高度、根系长度、叶面积、根面积、叶片干物质含量、地上干物质含量、根系干物质含量、比叶面积、比根长和根冠比)变异特征及其对放牧干扰的响应机制。结果表明: 退化草地物种种间性状变异明显高于种内变异,种间性状变异对总体变异的贡献率占比高达70.2%~95.1%,而种内变异仅为4.9%~29.8%,但群落构建中物种的种内变异仍不可忽视。放牧草地物种种间性状变异低于围封草地,且放牧草地种内变异增加而种间变异减小。放牧导致不耐牧的优良禾本科牧草叶面积和叶片干物质含量下降而比根长增加,但耐牧的杂类草则通过增加叶面积和叶片干物质含量并降低比根长来提高在群落中的优势地位。退化草地对放牧响应较为敏感的功能性状有叶面积、叶片干物质含量、比根长和比叶面积。植物叶片性状和根系性状自身及彼此间均呈显著正相关,但放牧会增强根系性状的协同效应而减弱叶片性状的协同效应。说明放牧会驱动植物个体和种群功能性状权衡策略发生改变,进而起到调控植物群落结构和功能的作用。

关键词: 功能性状, 变异特征, 权衡策略, 放牧干扰, 退化草地

Abstract: Understanding the responses of functional trait variation for grassland plants to grazing disturbance is highly helpful to clarify the community assembly mechanism, functional diversity maintenance, plant adaptation and their strategies. We investigated plant functional traits (plant height, root length, leaf area, root area, leaf dry matter content, shoot dry matter content, root dry matter content, specific leaf area, specific root length and root/ shoot ratio) and the responses of their variation characteristics to grazing disturbance in enclosure and grazing grasslands in Horqin Sandy Land. The results showed that the interspecific variation of functional trait was obviously higher than the intraspecific variation in degraded grassland. The relative contribution of interspecific variation to the overall trait variation ranged from 70.2% to 95.1%, while that of intraspecific variation only contributed 4.9% to 29.8%. However, that did not imply the intraspecific variation could be ignored in the community assembly. The interspecific variation in grazing grassland was lower than that in enclosed grassland, while the intraspecific variation increased but the interspecific variation decreased in grazing grassland. Grazing resulted in the decrease of leaf area and leaf dry matter content but the increase of specific root length for pastoral-resistant grasses. However, pastoral-tolerant forbs would improve their dominance in the community by decreasing specific root length and increa-sing leaf area and leaf dry matter content. The traits sensitive to grazing were leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific root length, and specific leaf area. Leaf traits and root traits were significantly positively correlated within and with each other. Grazing would enhance the synergy of root traits while reduce the synergy of leaf traits. That meant grazing could change the trade-off strategy of functional traits in individual and population levels, and thus affect vegetation structure and function in community level.

Key words: functional trait, variation characteristics, trade-off strategy, grazing disturbance, degraded grassland