黑果枸杞功能性状对氮磷添加的响应及其可塑性

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析养分添加对荒漠植物功能性状的影响,对揭示其响应和适应环境变化的规律至关重要。本研究以黑果枸杞为材料,设置3个氮磷(NP)添加量(低、中、高)和N/P(5∶1、15∶1、45∶1),量化分析了整株、根、茎、叶和果实性状对NP添加的响应。结果表明: 黑果枸杞功能性状差异化响应了NP添加量和比例,随NP添加量的增加,生物量和比叶面积增加,根冠比、叶干物质含量、根组织密度和比根长降低;随N/P的提高,地下生物量、比根长和净光合速率增大。17个功能性状指标的变异系数为7.3%～69.1%,生物量、根冠比和比根长为响应氮磷的敏感性状(可塑性指数PI>0.5),变异性较大(49.4%～69.1%);而叶长宽比、叶厚、叶组织密度、叶茎干物质含量为惰性性状(PI<0.20)。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,黑果枸杞在多元特征空间的位置随NP添加量横向迁移,趋向于地上、地下生物量更大、根冠比更小的策略;同时叶组织密度与叶厚、比叶面积呈负相关;叶干物质含量与叶厚、比叶面积呈负相关,与叶组织密度呈正相关;生物量与比叶面积呈正相关,与比根长呈负相关。逐步回归分析进一步表明,比根长、比叶面积和叶片净光合速率是影响黑果枸杞生物量的主要功能性状。黑果枸杞通过资源利用策略的转变、根系碳分配的改变以及性状的权衡协变与非一致性响应适应土壤养分环境的波动。

关键词: 功能性状, 黑果枸杞, 氮磷供应量, 氮磷供应比例, 表型可塑性

Abstract: Analyzing the effects of nutrient addition on the functional traits of desert plants is important for revealing the responses of desert plant species to environmental changes. In this study, we examined the responses of whole plant, root, stem, leaf and fruit traits of Lycium ruthenicum to the addition of N and P, with an experiment with three (low, medium and high) N and P addition levels and three N/P ratios (5:1, 15:1 and 45:1). The results showed that functional traits of L. ruthenicum had divergent responses to NP addition level and N/P ratio. With the increases of NP addition level, the biomass and specific leaf area were increased, while the root-shoot ratio, leaf dry matter content, root tissue density and specific root length were decreased. Belowground biomass, specific root length and net photosynthetic rate increased with the increases of N/P ratio. The coefficient of variation of 17 functional traits was 7.3%-69.1%. The biomass, root-shoot ratio and speci-fic root length were sensitive traits to NP [plastic index (PI)>0.5], with greater variability (49.4%-69.1%), whereas the leaf length-width ratio, leaf thickness, leaf tissue density, and leaf stem dry matter content were conservative traits (PI<0.20). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the position of L. ruthenicum in the multivariate feature space exhibited lateral migration with the changes of NP addition levels, with a tendency of higher aboveground and belowground biomass and a lower root-shoot ratio. Leaf tissue density was negatively related to leaf thickness and specific leaf area. Leaf dry matter content was negatively correlated with leaf thickness and specific leaf area but positively associated with leaf tissue density. Biomass had a positive correlation with specific leaf area and a negative relation to specific root length. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that specific root length, specific leaf area and leaf net photosynthetic rate were major functional traits affecting the biomass of L. ruthenicum. L. ruthenicum adapted to the fluctuations of soil nutrient environment through changing resource utilization strategy, altering root carbon allocation, and also the trade-off and covariance among traits and inconsistent response.

Key words: functional trait, Lycium ruthenicum, N and P supply level, N:P supply ratio, phenotypic plasticity

李金霞, 孙小妹, 刘娜, 李良, 陈年来. 黑果枸杞功能性状对氮磷添加的响应及其可塑性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4): 1279-1288.

LI Jin-xia, SUN Xiao-mei, LIU Na, LI Liang, CHEN Nian-lai. Response and plasticity of functional traits in Lycium ruthenicum to N and P addition.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(4): 1279-1288.

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