水肥一体化对小麦水分利用和光合特性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.010

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 1170-1178.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201904.010

水肥一体化对小麦水分利用和光合特性的影响

郭培武¹, 赵俊晔^2*, 石玉¹, 于振文¹

¹山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 山东泰安 271018;
²中国农业科学院农业信息研究所农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2018-10-23 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
通讯作者: * E-mail: zhaojunye@caas.cn
作者简介:郭培武,男,1993年生,硕士研究生. 主要从事小麦高产优质高效理论与技术研究. E-mail: gpwxiaomai@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31601243,31771715)和农业部现代产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)资助

Effects of water-fertilizer integration on water use and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat

GUO Pei-wu¹, ZHAO Jun-ye^2*, SHI Yu¹, YU Zhen-wen¹

¹Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Ser-vice Technology, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2018-10-23 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
Contact: * E-mail: zhaojunye@caas.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601243, 31771715) and the Project of Technology System in Modern Wheat Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, China (CARS-3-1-19).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 于2016—2018年小麦生长季,在山东省兖州市史家王子村进行田间试验,供试品种为‘济麦22’,在150(N₁)、180(N₂)和210(N₃) kg·hm^-2 3个施氮量下,拔节期设置畦灌和撒施追氮(W₁)及微喷带灌溉和追氮水肥一体化(W₂)两种灌溉施氮方式,研究了测墒补灌条件下灌溉施氮方式对小麦水分利用、光合特性及干物质积累与转运的影响.结果表明: 同一施氮量条件下,W₂两年度灌浆期7日平均棵间蒸发量均显著低于W₁处理,60～160 cm 土层土壤水分消耗量显著高于W₁处理;W₂两年度开花后14、21和28 d的旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著高于W₁处理;W₂开花期和成熟期干物质积累量及小麦开花后干物质积累在籽粒中的分配显著高于W₁处理;W₂两年度总耗水量与W₁处理均无显著差异,籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率显著高于W₁处理,施氮量为210 kg·hm^-2的籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率最高.综合考虑,同一施氮量水平下,微喷带灌溉和追氮水肥一体化处理优于畦灌和撒施追氮处理,总施氮量210 kg·hm^-2、拔节期采用微喷带灌溉和追氮水肥一体化的N₃W₂处理是本试验条件下节水节肥的最优处理.

关键词: 小麦, 水分利用, 光合特性, 产量, 水肥一体化

Abstract: In two growing seasons of wheat (2016-2018), a field trial with Jimai 22 as test mate-rial was conducted in Shijiawangzi Village, Yanzhou City, Shandong Province. Under three nitrogen levels of 150 (N₁), 180 (N₂) and 210 (N₃) kg·hm^-2, two irrigation-fertilization methods were designed at jointing as border irrigation and broadcasting of fertilizer (W₁), micro spraying irrigation and water-fertilizer integration (W₂), to examine the effects of irrigation-fertilization methods on water use, photosynthetic characteristics, and dry matter accumulation and transport of wheat. The results showed that under the same nitrogen level, seven days average soil evaporation of W₂ treatment in filling period was significantly lower than that of W₁ treatment, and that soil water consumption in the 60-160 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in W₁treatment. The flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of W₂ treatment were signi-ficantly higher than W₁ treatment from 14 to 28 days after anthesis. The amount of dry matter in anthesis and maturity stage and the allocation to grain of post-anthesis assimilates of W₂ treatment were significantly higher than those in W₁ treatment. There was no difference in total water consumption between W₂ and W₁ treatments. Grain yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of W₂ treatment were significantly higher than W₁ treatment. The highest grain yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were obtained at the nitrogen level of 210 kg·hm^-2. By comprehensive considerations, under the same nitrogen level, treatment of micro spraying irrigation and water-fertilizer integration was better than border irrigation and broadcasting of fertilizer. The W₂N₃ treatment under the nitrogen level of 210 kg·hm^-2 and with the application of micro spraying irrigation and water-fertilizer integration at jointing was the optimal treatment to save water and fertilizer.

Key words: water use, water-fertilizer integration, photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield, wheat

郭培武, 赵俊晔, 石玉, 于振文. 水肥一体化对小麦水分利用和光合特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1170-1178.

GUO Pei-wu, ZHAO Jun-ye, SHI Yu, YU Zhen-wen. Effects of water-fertilizer integration on water use and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1170-1178.

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水肥一体化对小麦水分利用和光合特性的影响

Effects of water-fertilizer integration on water use and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat

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