关键词: 牛粪, 土壤, 重金属, 细菌群落, 理化性质

Abstract: To understand the contamination status of heavy metals and bacterial community in the manure and surrounding soils of cattle farm in Ningxia, we collected cattle manure at different breeding periods (lactation, calf, growing, pre-fattening and post-fattening periods) and soil samples from the largest beef breeding area in the region by different distances, with the waste land far away as control. We measured heavy metal contents and the composition and diversity of bacterial community in manure and soil samples. The results showed that: 1) The contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in cattle manure were 33.8%-95.8% lower than the national average, while As content was 94.7% higher than the national average. During the breeding periods, the change tendencies of seven kinds of heavy metals in cattle manure were different. The contents of Cu, Cd, Hg and Cr of cattle manure in the pre-fattening period were the highest across all periods. The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in pre-fattening and post-fattening periods of cattle manure was highest in all periods. 2) The contents of Cu and Zn in the soils with cattle manure application were higher than control, and the content of Zn were significantly higher than surrounding soil samples. All single and comprehensive soil pollution indices of soil were safe. 3) During the breeding periods, Sequence, OTU and Chao1 index of cattle manure had no specific change. Sequence, OTU and Chao1 of soil with cattle manure application were higher than the soil around the farm. 4) The types of dominant phylum were less in the manure. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was the highest, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the growing period was significantly lower than other breeding periods, and that of other phylum had little variation among periods. The cattle farm did not affect bacterial community in the surrounding soil. The cattle manure application didn’t change the relative abundance of bacteria at the phyla level. The abundance of Gp, Gemmatimona, Lysobacte, Subdivision3_genera_incertae_sedis were significantly higher than control and surrounding soil. 5) Organic matter, pH, EC, total nitrogen, total potas-sium, Cd and As significantly affected bacterial diversity and component abundance in cattle manure. Soil pH, total phosphorus and Hg significantly influenced soil bacterial diversity and component abundance. On the whole, the effects of physicochemical properties in cattle manure and soil on bacterial community were more significant than heavy metals. Our results could provide scientific basis for selecting the variety and dosage of feed and veterinary drugs in local cattle farms, as well as the rational application of organic fertilizers.

Key words: cattle manure, soil, heavy metal, bacterial community, physiochemical property