黄土高原农牧交错区生态建设的关键问题思考

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 厘清区域生态环境问题的本源是科学推进黄土高原农牧交错区生态建设的关键。本文总结国内外相关研究最新进展,并结合陕西神木侵蚀与环境国家野外科学观测研究站30余年的观测研究,提出水资源短缺和不合理植被重建是黄土高原农牧交错区生态建设面临的主要问题,而该区域土壤侵蚀主要包括水蚀和风蚀两种形态。针对水蚀问题,植被恢复重建应以地带性植被——草地作为首选,工程措施首选梯田,提升水土保持与水源涵养功能。针对风蚀问题,植被恢复应以低耗水的灌木和草被为主,工程措施应以客土改良作为首选,鼓励引导民间资本投入,“治沙”成土,结合新能源基地建设等来防风治沙,合理发展现代农牧业。黄土高原农牧交错区应按照黄土区与风沙区地貌与水土资源特征进行分类整治,将治理方向放在根源治理上,实现区域生态环境高质量发展。

关键词: 退耕还林, 粗质地土壤, 植被恢复, 土壤改良

Abstract: Clarifying the essence of regional ecological and environmental problems is the key to scientifically promote ecological construction in the agro-pastoral ecotone on the Loess Plateau. We summarized the latest progress of relevant research, and combined over 30 years of observation and research at the Shaanxi Shenmu Erosion and Environment National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, proposed that water scarcity and unreasonable vegetation restoration were the main problems facing ecological construction in the agro-pastoral ecotone of the Loess Plateau. There are two forms of soil erosion in this area, water erosion and wind erosion. In terms of water erosion, we should restore grassland according to the vegetation zone and engineering measures should be transferred slopes to terraced fields to achieve soil and water conservation and water source conservation functions. In terms of wind erosion, vegetation restoration should focus on shrubs and grasses with low water consumption. Coarse soil remediation should be used in the engineering measures to control desertification, and the sandy land could be completely changed through combining the construction of new energy bases and modern agriculture. The agro-pastoral ecotone of the Loess Plateau should be classified and managed according to the geomorphology and water-soil resource characteristics of the loess and aeolian sand areas, with the focus of management directed at addressing the root causes, to achieve high-quality development of the regional ecological environment.

Key words: grain for green, coarse soil, vegetation restoration, soil amelioration

樊军, 刘岩. 黄土高原农牧交错区生态建设的关键问题思考[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3557-3562.

FAN Jun, LIU Yan. Key issues concerning ecological construction in the agro-pastoral ecotone on the Loess Plateau.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(12): 3557-3562.

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