大兴安岭火后不同更新林分类型土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202608.042

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 2499-2508.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202608.042

大兴安岭火后不同更新林分类型土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量特征

申方圆^1,2,3,4, 姜雨希^1,3, 邹欣宜^1,3, 杨立学^1,3,4*

¹东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040;
²东北林业大学生态学院, 哈尔滨 150040;
³东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040;
⁴国家林业草原东北乡土树种工程技术研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2026-04-03 修回日期:2026-06-23 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2027-02-18
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: ylx_0813@163.com
作者简介:申方圆, 男, 1992年生, 博士。主要从事森林培育学与森林生态学研究。E-mail: shuke9197@126.com
基金资助:
黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z24053)和国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2200402)

Stoichiometric characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus under different postfire regeneration forest types in the Greater Khingan Mountains, China

SHEN Fangyuan^1,2,3,4, JIANG Yuxi^1,3, ZOU Xinyi^1,3, YANG Lixue^1,3,4*

¹School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
²School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
³Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
⁴Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Northeast Native Tree Species-National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2026-04-03 Revised:2026-06-23 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2027-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究寒温带森林重度火干扰后,不同更新方式与林分类型对土壤微生物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征的影响,揭示火后林地土壤微生物养分循环规律与资源限制机制,本研究以大兴安岭“5·6”特大森林火灾后自然恢复34年的5种典型林分为研究对象,包含人工更新兴安落叶松纯林、兴安落叶松-白桦混交林、樟子松纯林、樟子松-白桦混交林及天然更新兴安落叶松林,测定各林分土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量,分析其化学计量比、微生物熵及土壤-微生物系统化学计量不平衡性差异。结果表明:不同林分土壤微生物生物量及化学计量特征差异显著。其中,兴安落叶松天然更新林MBC(455.79 mg·kg^-1)、MBN(25.93 mg·kg^-1)含量在5种林分中显著最低,樟子松纯林MBP(9.81 mg·kg^-1)显著最低。兴安落叶松天然更新林MBC∶MBN(17.77)显著高于各人工林分,其MBC∶MBP(28.11)、MBN∶MBP(1.59)则显著低于其他林分。5种林分土壤MBC:MBN介于10～18,符合真菌主导的土壤微生物群落结构特征;各林分MBN∶MBP均低于6.9,提示区域土壤微生物代谢过程整体受氮素限制。林分更新方式显著影响土壤微生物熵特征,人工林微生物熵整体优于天然更新林,而且樟子松纯林、樟子松-白桦混交林微生物熵碳(2.0%、2.3%)显著高于兴安落叶松纯林(1.4%)及落叶松-白桦混交林(1.1%)。土壤-微生物化学计量不平衡性存在明显林分差异,兴安落叶松纯林C∶N不平衡性最大(1.87),樟子松-白桦混交林最小(0.77);樟子松纯林C∶P、N∶P不平衡性均为最低,分别为0.80、0.72。综上,相较于天然更新,人工更新模式更有利于火后林地土壤微生物生物量积累,可有效提升微生物驱动的土壤C、N、P养分周转潜力;在大兴安岭火后林分修复管理中,樟子松树种配置更利于优化土壤微生物养分环境。

关键词: 寒温带森林, 火后更新, 微生物生物量, 化学计量学, 微生物熵

Abstract: To investigate the responses of soil microbe-mediated carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) across different regeneration forests following severe fire disturbance in cold-temperate region, and to clarify the characteristics of microbial nutrient cycling and resource limitation in post fire soils, we selected five typical forest types (34 years post the Black Dragon Fire in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains): Larix gmelinii plantation, L. gmelinii and Betula platyphylla mixed plantation, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, P. sylvestris var. mongolica and B. platyphylla mixed plantation, naturally regenerated forest of L. gmelinii. We measured soil microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN), and P (MBP) contents, and analyzed their stoichiometric ratios, microbial quotients, and soil-microbe stoichiometric imbalances. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil microbial biomass and stoichiometric ratios among the five forest types. Naturally regenerated forest of L. gmelinii had the lowest soil MBC (455.79 mg·kg^-1) and MBN (25.93 mg·kg^-1) contents, while the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation had the lowest soil MBP content (9.81 mg·kg^-1). The naturally regenerated forest of L. gmelinii exhibited the highest MBC:MBN (17.77) and the lowest MBC:MBP (28.11) and MBN:MBP (1.59). Across all postfire regeneration stands, soil MBC:MBN ranged from 10 to 18, indicating fungi dominated soil microbial community. The MBN:MBP was consistently below 6.9, suggesting that soil metabolism was likely limited by nitrogen. The soil microbial quotients in the monocultures and mixed plantations were generally higher than those in the naturally regenerated forest. The soil microbial quotient of C was significantly higher in P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation (monoculture: 2.0%; mixed plantation: 2.3%) than in L. gmelinii stands (monoculture: 1.4%; mixed plantation: 1.1%). The soil-microbe C:N stoichiometric imbalance was greatest in the L. gmelinii plantation (1.87) and smallest in the P. sylvestris var. mongolica and B. platyphylla mixed plantation (0.77). Both C:P and N:P stoichiometric imbalance were the lowest in the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation (0.80 and 0.72, respectively). For post fire forest management in the Greater Khingan Mountains, we recommended monoculture and mixed plantation regeneration to increase soil microbial biomass and enhance C-N-P turnover potential. Regarding tree species, regenerated forests dominated by P. sylvestris var. mongolica were beneficial to overall soil resources.

Key words: boreal forest, postfire regeneration, soil microbial biomass, ecological stoichiometry, microbial quotient

申方圆, 姜雨希, 邹欣宜, 杨立学. 大兴安岭火后不同更新林分类型土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2499-2508.

SHEN Fangyuan, JIANG Yuxi, ZOU Xinyi, YANG Lixue. Stoichiometric characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus under different postfire regeneration forest types in the Greater Khingan Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(8): 2499-2508.

参考文献

[1] Zhao J, Yue C, Wang JM, et al. Forest fire size amplifies postfire land surface warming. Nature, 2024, 633: 828-834
[2] Lopez AM, Avila CCE, VanderRoest JP, et al. Molecular insights and impacts of wildfire-induced soil chemical changes. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2024, 5: 431-446
[3] Tang XH, Yang JJ, Lin DH, et al. Community assembly of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in pure and mixed Pinus massoniana forests. Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 362: 121312
[4] Stevens JT, Haffey CM, Coop JD, et al. Tamm review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 502: 119678
[5] 王译庆, 袁朝祥, 岳楷, 等. 植被恢复对矿区土壤微生物群落结构影响的整合分析. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(4): 1141-1149
[6] Patoine G, Eisenhauer N, Cesarz S, et al. Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 4195
[7] Hao ZG, Zhao YF, Wang X, et al. Thresholds in aridity and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio govern the accumulation of soil microbial residues. Communications Earth & Environment, 2021, 2: 236
[8] Xing TT, Cai AD, Lu CA, et al. Increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen in crop rotation systems by improving nitrogen resources under nitrogen application. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21: 1488-1500
[9] Peng Y, Duan YS, Huo WG, et al. Soil microbial biomass phosphorus can serve as an index to reflect soil phosphorus fertility. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2021, 57: 657-669
[10] Gao DC, Bai E, Wang SY, et al. Three-dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale. Global Change Biology, 2022, 28: 6728-6740
[11] Cleveland CC, Liptzin D. C:N:P stoichiometry in soil: Is there a “Redfield ratio” for the microbial biomass? Biogeochemistry, 2007, 85: 235-252
[12] Yan YC, Wang C, Zhang JM, et al. Response of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P and microbial quotient to agriculture and agricultural abandonment in a meadow steppe of Northeast China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2022, 223: 105475
[13] 梁裕华, 曹瑞, 王芝慧, 等. 不同经营模式茶园土壤微生物熵对台风干扰的响应. 生态学报, 2023, 43(17): 7216-7225
[14] Sun TT, Wang YG, Hui DF, et al. Soil properties rather than climate and ecosystem type control the vertical varia-tions of soil organic carbon, microbial carbon, and microbial quotient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 148: 107905
[15] Gao DC, Shi WJ, Wang HM, et al. Contrasting global patterns of soil microbial quotients of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems. Catena, 2024, 243: 108145
[16] Wang Y, Niu DC, Yuan XB, et al. Dominant plant species alter stoichiometric imbalances between soil microbes and their resources in an alpine grassland: Implications for soil microbial respiration. Geoderma, 2023, 431: 116336
[17] Li B, Li YB, Fanin N, et al. Stoichiometric imbalances between soil microorganisms and their resources regulate litter decomposition. Functional Ecology, 2023, 37: 3136-3149
[18] 王绪高, 李秀珍, 贺红士. 1987年大兴安岭特大火灾后不同管理措施对落叶松林的长期影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(4): 915-921
[19] 蔡慧颖, 李兰慧, 林阳, 等. 白桦叶片和细根非结构性碳水化合物对火后时间的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(6): 780-793
[20] Hu TX, Zhao BQ, Li F, et al. Effects of fire on soil respiration and its components in a Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) forest in Northeast China: Implications for forest ecosystem carbon cycling. Geoderma, 2021, 402: 115273
[21] 张宇婧, 吴志伟, 顾先丽, 等. 火烧强度和火后恢复时间对大兴安岭森林土壤有机碳含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(8): 2455-2462
[22] 胡宗达, 刘世荣, 刘兴良, 等. 川西亚高山天然次生林不同演替阶段土壤-微生物生物量及其化学计量特征. 生态学报, 2021, 41(12): 4900-4912
[23] Wang ZQ, Zhao MY, Yan ZB, et al. Global patterns and predictors of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems. Catena, 2022, 211: 106037
[24] Bai XJ, Zhai GQ, Yan ZF, et al. Effects of microbial groups on soil organic carbon accrual and mineralization during high- and low-quality litter decomposition. Catena, 2024, 241: 108051
[25] Redfield AC. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist, 1958, 46: 230A, 205-230A, 221
[26] Fanin N, Fromin N, Buatois B, et al. An experimental test of the hypothesis of non-homeostatic consumer stoichiometry in a plant litter-microbe system. Ecology Letters, 2013, 16: 764-772
[27] Wang XL, Zhang WX, Shao YH, et al. Fungi to bacteria ratio: Historical misinterpretations and potential implications. Acta Oecologica, 2019, 95: 1-11
[28] 丁令智, 满秀玲, 肖瑞晗, 等. 寒温带森林根际土壤微生物量碳氮含量生长季内动态变化. 林业科学, 2019, 55(7): 178-186
[29] Koranda M, Kaiser C, Fuchslueger L, et al. Fungal and bacterial utilization of organic substrates depends on substrate complexity and N availability. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2014, 87: 142-152
[30] Song SS, Yang X, Zhu JL, et al. Plant functional diversity regulates the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities in temperate grasslands of northern China. Functional Ecology, 2025, 39: 2314-2326
[31] Du EZ, Terrer C, Pellegrini AFA, et al. Global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13: 221-226
[32] Yu WY, Wang CW, Cornelissen JHC, et al. Litter position and stoichiometry regulate plant litter decomposition and nitrogen release in terrestrial ecosystems. Catena, 2025, 256: 109093
[33] Yu YL, Li L, Yang JK, et al. Global synthesis on the responses of microbial- and plant-derived carbon to conservation tillage. Plant and Soil, 2025, 513: 1971-1985
[34] Li ZL, Tian DS, Wang BX, et al. Microbes drive global soil nitrogen mineralization and availability. Global Change Biology, 2019, 25: 1078-1088
[35] Wang WB, Chen DS, Zhang Q, et al. Effects of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved litter on bacterial and fungal nitrogen metabolism pathway during litter decomposition. Plant and Soil, 2020, 451: 307-323
[36] Maranguit D, Guillaume T, Kuzyakov Y. Land-use change affects phosphorus fractions in highly weathered tropical soils. Catena, 2017, 149: 385-393
[37] Baldrian P. Forest microbiome: Diversity, complexity and dynamics. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2017, 41: 109-130
[38] Li P, Yang YH, Han WX, et al. Global patterns of soil microbial nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in forest ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014, 23: 979-987
[39] Chen J, Xu H, Seven J, et al. Microbial phosphorus recycling in soil by intra- and extracellular mechanisms. ISME Communications, 2023, 3: 135
[40] Prommer J, Walker TWN, Wanek W, et al. Increased microbial growth, biomass, and turnover drive soil organic carbon accumulation at higher plant diversity. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26: 669-681
[41] Liang C, Schimel JP, Jastrow JD. The importance of anabolism in microbial control over soil carbon storage. Nature Microbiology, 2017, 2: 17105
[42] Mooshammer M, Wanek W, Hämmerle I, et al. Adjustment of microbial nitrogen use efficiency to carbon: Nitrogen imbalances regulates soil nitrogen cycling. Nature Communications, 2014, 5: 3694
[43] Sinsabaugh RL, Hill BH, Follstad Shah JJ. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment. Nature, 2009, 462: 795-798
[44] Yeste A, Blanco JA, Imbert JB, et al. Pinus sylvestris L. and Fagus sylvatica L. effects on soil and root properties and their interactions in a mixed forest on the Southwestern Pyrenees. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 481: 118726

大兴安岭火后不同更新林分类型土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量特征

Stoichiometric characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus under different postfire regeneration forest types in the Greater Khingan Mountains, China

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	刘津勇, 许宇星, 明安刚, 王志超, 黄润霞, 竹万宽, 杜阿朋, 朱光玉. 营建尾巨桉人工混交林对土壤磷组分的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2519-2527.
[2]	曾琪, 李丹丹, 蔡泽江, 孙楠, 徐明岗. 石灰和生物炭对酸化土壤pH与微生物性质影响的Meta分析 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(1): 103-114.
[3]	高红, 王小红, 吴东梅, 范爱连, 贾林巧, 姚晓东, 陈光水. 碳氮有效性对亚热带人工林土壤微生物呼吸及其代谢响应的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(8): 2025-2034.
[4]	尧波, 邹素珍, 梁金凤, 叶家飞, 徐晨瀛, 汪晓倩, 任琼, 胡启武. 候鸟活动对鄱阳湖苔草湿地土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(7): 1988-1996.
[5]	王译庆, 袁朝祥, 岳楷, 吴福忠, 袁吉, 赵泽敏, 彭艳. 植被恢复对矿区土壤微生物群落结构影响的整合分析 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(4): 1141-1149.
[6]	牛岳桐, 满秀玲. 物候变化对寒温带森林优势种叶片非结构性碳水化合物的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(12): 3323-3328.
[7]	张合烨, 张琰超, 安文聪, 董世淇, 孙国庆, 李磊, 高东奎, 田涛, 吴忠鑫. 黄海北部褡裢岛近岸海域大型底栖动物优势种的生态化学计量特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(11): 3157-3164.
[8]	代泽成, 刘月秀, 党宁, 王志瑞, 蔡江平, 张玉革, 宋永波, 李慧, 姜勇. 长期氮水添加对温带草原土壤化学性质和微生物学特性的短期遗留效应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1834-1844.
[9]	吕晶花, 赵旭燕, 陆梅, 李聪, 杨志东, 刘攀, 陈志明, 冯峻. 氮沉降下纳帕海草甸植被与土壤变化对微生物生物量碳氮的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1525-1532.
[10]	吕付泽, 杨雅丽, 鲍雪莲, 张常仁, 郑甜甜, 何红波, 张旭东, 解宏图. 免耕不同秸秆覆盖量对黑土微生物群落及其残留物的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 903-912.
[11]	张冠华, 牛俊, 易亮, 孙宝洋, 李建明, 肖海. 不同植茶年限土壤-微生物生物量碳氮磷化学计量特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 969-976.
[12]	豆梦珂, 张伟东, 杨庆朋, 陈龙池, 刘晔嘉, 胡亚林. 杉木种植和磷添加对土壤微生物生物量及胞外酶活性的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(3): 631-638.
[13]	刘家齐, 梁燕, 肖凡, 韩依晴, 胡传星, 韦柳红, 段敏. 西南喀斯特区域不同植被恢复阶段土壤磷主要来源及其季节变化 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12): 3313-3321.
[14]	肖向前, 张海阔, 冯娅斯, 王吉鹏, 梁辰飞, 陈有超, 朱高荻, 蔡延江. 植物残体对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤、微生物和胞外酶C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 58-66.
[15]	邓亚琴, 徐智, 张勇, 王宇蕴. 土壤微生物生物量氮对不同腐熟度有机肥的响应及对土壤矿质氮的调控作用 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 137-144.