深圳市景观格局演变及其驱动因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在遥感与GIS技术支持下,以深圳市域1978年MSS影像与1986、1990、1995和1999年4期TM影像为主要数据源,研究了深圳市域景观的空间格局特征及其动态变化,探讨了不同尺度下景观格局演变的驱动因素与变化机制.结果表明,深圳市近20年景观特征发生了深刻变化,耕地面积比例由31.06%下降至2.67%,城建用地则由0.33%上升至22.52%.景观多样性指数1978～1995年上升近25%,1999年稍有下降;蔓延度指数先降后升,整体破碎度由0.0042上升到0.0073;景观修改分维数1990年以前有所下降,20世纪90年代则呈现递增趋势.景观格局指数的变化,反映了人为活动对区域景观特征的深刻影响.人为活动已成为深圳市景观格局演变的主要驱动因素.其中,斑块形状复杂化主要是受个体经济单元的经济利益驱动,景观空间构型的变化取决于产业布局与地域分工的影响,景观整体多样性的演变受到社会经济发展水平的强烈影响,而自然生态条件则是景观整体结构变化的重要约束因子.

关键词: 景观格局, 景观动态, 驱动因素, 深圳市

Abstract: Based on GIS technology,the MSS image in 1978 and the TM images in 1986,1990,1995 and 1999 were used to study the landscape spatial changes in Shenzhen during the past two decades.The results showed that the regional landscape in Shenzhen changed dramatically,from a typical agricultural landscape to a rapidly urbanizing landscape.The percentage of cultivated land decreased from 31.06% to 2.67%,while that of built-up area increased from 0.33% to 22.52%.The landscape diversity index showed a tendency of increase in 1978～1995,followed by a decrease in 1999.The index of landscape contagion decreased firstly and then increased,and the landscape fragmentation index increased from 0.0042 to 0.0073.Modified fractal dimension index showed the same tendency as landscape contagion index.Human activity was the main driving factor for landscape change.The change of geometry shape of landscape patches was driven by the economic interests of individual economic cells,and that of spatial configuration of landscape components was associated with the allocation of industries.The diversity of the whole landscape was mainly associated with the natural and ecological conditions such as topography and landform,while its change was strongly affected by the whole level of social and economic development.

Key words: Landscape pattern, Landscape changes, Driving force, Shenzhen

中图分类号:

Q149

李卫锋, 王仰麟, 彭建, 李贵才. 深圳市景观格局演变及其驱动因素分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (8): 1403-1410.

LI Weifeng, WANG Yanglin, PENG Jian, LI Guicai . Landscape spatial changes in Shenzhen and their driving factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (8): 1403-1410.

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