长江口浮游动物群落β多样性变化及驱动因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.037

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 2031-2040.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.037

长江口浮游动物群落β多样性变化及驱动因素

吴凡^1,4, 于松宁², 施利燕³, 晁敏^4*

¹大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院, 辽宁大连 116023;
²交通运输部长江口航道管理局, 上海 200003;
³上海艾利维水环境技术有限公司, 上海 200131;
⁴中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090

收稿日期:2025-11-28 修回日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-12-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: chaomin1011@hotmail.com
作者简介:吴凡, 女, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事河口与海洋生态学研究。E-mail: w1219147189@163.com
基金资助:
中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目(201903173)和长江口航道养护环保项目(3268-HX-2023)

Variations and drivers of zooplankton community β diversity in the Yangtze River Estuary

WU Fan^1,4, YU Songning², SHI Liyan³, CHAO Min^4*

¹College of Marine Science and Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China;
²Yangtze Estuary Waterway Administration Bureau, MOT, Shanghai 200003, China;
³Shanghai Ailiwei Water Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China

Received:2025-11-28 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解长江口浮游动物群落β多样性的时空格局及其环境驱动机制,采用2020—2021年春季和秋季对长江口及邻近海域的调查数据,分析了浮游动物群落结构和β多样性及其组分,并通过Mantel检验和广义非相似性模型(GDM)探讨环境因子和空间距离对β多样性格局形成的影响。研究期间,调查海域共鉴定浮游动物99种,其中桡足类40种,占总种类数的40.4%,为主要类群。春季丰度值略高于秋季,且春季丰度分布呈现出近岸高、外海低的趋势,秋季丰度分布呈现显著的空间异质性。中华华哲水蚤、火腿许水蚤、虫肢歪水蚤和汤匙华哲水蚤在调查海域各站点均有较高出现频率。春秋两季浮游动物群落均以周转组分为主导,物种更替是群落差异的主要来源,春季浮游动物β多样性均值(0.639)及周转组分贡献率(78.1%)均高于秋季(均值为0.519,贡献率为70.5%)。Mantel检验结果表明,空间距离和盐度是影响长江口浮游动物群落β多样性及周转组分的关键因子,表明扩散限制和盐度梯度共同驱动群落空间分异。GDM模型显示,春季群落构建受环境筛选与扩散限制共同作用,其中盐度、pH和无机氮为主要环境贡献因子,贡献率分别为31.7%、18.4%和8.3%;秋季以环境筛选作用为主,其中盐度和活性磷酸盐的影响程度相对较高,贡献率分别为50.2%和18.0%。

关键词: 长江口, 浮游动物, β多样性, 环境因子, 广义非相似性模型

Abstract: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of zooplankton community β diversity and reveal the environmental driving mechanisms in the Yangtze River Estuary, we analyzed the structure of the zooplankton community and β diversity and its components based on the survey data of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent waters in spring and autumn of 2020-2021. We further explored the effects of environmental factors and spatial distance on the formation of β diversity patterns by using the Mantel test and the generalized dissimilarity model (GDM). A total of 99 zooplankton species were recorded. Among all the species, 40 species were copepods, accounting for 40.4% of the total species, and were the dominant group. The abundance values were higher in spring than in autumn, and the abundance distribution in spring exhibited a trend of higher in nearshore areas and lower in offshore areas, while the abundance distribution in autumn showed significant spatial heterogeneity. Sinocalanus sinensis, Schmackeria poplesia, Tortanus vermiculus, and Sinocalanus dorrii had relatively high occurrence frequencies at all the stations. Turnover components dominated the zooplankton community β diversity in both spring and autumn, indicating that species replacement was the main source of community variations. The mean value of β diversity (0.639 vs 0.519) and the contribution rate of the turnover component (78.1% vs 70.5%) in spring were both higher than those in autumn. The results of Mantel test showed that spatial distance and salinity were the key factors influencing β diversity and its turnover component of zooplankton communities, suggesting that both diffusion limitation and salinity gradient jointly driving the spatial differentiation of the community. The GDM model revealed that the community construction in spring was jointly influenced by environmental selection and diffusion limitation, with salinity, pH, and inorganic nitrogen being the main environmental contributing factors, with contribution rates of 31.7%, 18.4%, and 8.3% respectively. In autumn, environmental selection played a dominant role, with the influence of salinity and active phosphate being relatively higher, with contribution rates of 50.2% and 18.0% respectively.

Key words: Yangtze River Estuary, zooplankton, β diversity, environmental factor, generalized dissimilarity modeling

吴凡, 于松宁, 施利燕, 晁敏. 长江口浮游动物群落β多样性变化及驱动因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 2031-2040.

WU Fan, YU Songning, SHI Liyan, CHAO Min. Variations and drivers of zooplankton community β diversity in the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 2031-2040.

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长江口浮游动物群落β多样性变化及驱动因素

Variations and drivers of zooplankton community β diversity in the Yangtze River Estuary

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