生物结皮与草本植物共生坡面的产流-入渗过程特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.015

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1853-1860.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.015

生物结皮与草本植物共生坡面的产流-入渗过程特征

淡晨希¹, 张琼^1,2*, 刘畅¹, 郭珍³, 刘刚^1,2

¹西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³四川华标测检测技术有限公司, 成都 610097

收稿日期:2022-03-29 接受日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2023-01-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: zqiswc@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:淡晨希, 男, 1998年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤侵蚀机理研究。E-mail: dandcx@foxmail.com
基金资助:
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010201)和中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2021ZY0023)资助。

Characteristics of runoff and infiltration processes on slope with intergrown biocrusts and herbs

DAN Chen-xi¹, ZHANG Qiong^1,2*, LIU Chang¹, GUO Zhen³, LIU Gang^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³Sichuan Huabiaoce Testing Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610097, China

Received:2022-03-29 Accepted:2022-05-11 Online:2022-07-15 Published:2023-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱半干旱地区生物结皮与草本植物互生,发挥了重要的水土保持价值,但二者的耦合作用对坡面土壤产流-入渗过程与机理的影响尚不清楚。本研究利用人工模拟降雨试验,设计裸土、生物结皮、长芒草、长芒草+生物结皮4种坡面处理,研究生物结皮与草本植物的产流-入渗过程与径流水动力学特征。结果表明: 2个有生物结皮处理的坡面产流量变化平稳。4种处理的总产流量大小分别为:生物结皮>长芒草+生物结皮>裸土>长芒草,说明生物结皮具有抑制土壤水分入渗的作用,而长芒草可促进土壤水分入渗。在土壤深度为16和24 cm处,生物结皮处理的累计入渗量均小于长芒草+生物结皮处理,且差异显著,说明随着土壤深度增加,长芒草会减小生物结皮抑制水分入渗的作用。除了裸土坡面的弗劳德数(Fr)大于1以外,其余3种处理的Fr值小于1,属于缓流。生物结皮、长芒草和长芒草+生物结皮处理坡面的径流动能比裸土坡面分别减少83.3%、59.5%和88.1%。综上,水动力学参数的变化说明生物结皮调控径流的作用大于长芒草。

关键词: 生物结皮, 模拟降雨, 草地, 径流, 入渗

Abstract: Biocrusts and herbs coexist in arid and semi-arid areas, playing an important role in soil and water conservation. However, the combined effects of biocrusts and herbs on process and mechanism of runoff and infiltration on slope are still unclear. In this study, simulated rainfall experiments with four treatments, including bare soil, biocrusts, Stipa bungeana and S. bungeana+biocrusts, were designed to investigate runoff, infiltration process and hydrodynamic characteristics of herbs and biocrusts on slope. The results showed that the runoff under the two treatments with biocrusts was stable. The total runoff of four treatments was in the following order: biocrusts > S. bungeana+biocrusts > bare soil > S. bungeana, indicating that biocrusts could inhibit soil infiltration and S. bungeana could promote soil infiltration. At soil depths of 16 cm and 24 cm, the cumulative infiltration of biocrusts treatment was significantly less than that of S. bungeana+biocrusts treatment, suggesting that with the increases of soil depth, S. bungeana reduced the negative effect of biocrusts on soil infiltration. The Froude number was greater than 1 under bare soil and less than 1 under other treatments, which was subcritical flow. Compared with the runoff kinetic energy of the bare soil treatment, the treatments of biocrusts, S. bungeana, and S. bungeana+biocrusts were reduced by 83.3%, 59.5%, and 88.1%, respectively. The variations of hydrodynamic parameters indicated that the role of biocrusts is greater than S. bungeana in regulating runoff.

Key words: biological soil crust, simulated rainfall, grassland, runoff, infiltration

淡晨希, 张琼, 刘畅, 郭珍, 刘刚. 生物结皮与草本植物共生坡面的产流-入渗过程特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1853-1860.

DAN Chen-xi, ZHANG Qiong, LIU Chang, GUO Zhen, LIU Gang. Characteristics of runoff and infiltration processes on slope with intergrown biocrusts and herbs[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(7): 1853-1860.

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生物结皮与草本植物共生坡面的产流-入渗过程特征

Characteristics of runoff and infiltration processes on slope with intergrown biocrusts and herbs

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