放牧方式与强度对高寒草原根际土壤磷组分的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤磷有效性是制约高寒草地生态系统功能的关键因子,然而放牧方式与强度如何影响土壤磷组分转化尚不明确。本研究以青藏高原高寒草原为对象,以禁牧为对照,设置持续放牧和轮牧两种方式,各设轻、中、重3种强度,采用Tiessen-Moir连续浸提法测定根际土壤磷组分,包括活性磷[树脂态磷(Resin-P)、碳酸氢钠态无机/有机磷(NaHCO₃-Pi/Po)]、中活性磷[氢氧化钠态无机/有机磷(NaOH-Pi/Po)]以及稳定性磷[稀盐酸态无机磷(D.HCl-Pi)、浓盐酸态无机/有机磷(C.HCl-Pi/Po)及残余态磷(Residual-P)],结合土壤理化性质,探究不同放牧模式下土壤磷组分的响应机制。结果表明:放牧方式、强度及其交互作用对活性磷和中活性磷的各组分无显著影响;但轻度持续放牧、轻度轮牧和重度轮牧处理的NaOH-Po含量较对照显著提高154.3%～161.1%,表明轮牧和轻度持续放牧有利于增加中等活性有机磷库。3种持续放牧处理C.HCl-Pi含量均值较对照显著降低23.9%。放牧方式显著影响土壤碳氮比,持续放牧处理较轮牧处理显著升高21.0%;重度持续放牧处理的全碳和全氮含量最高,较对照分别显著提高6.5%和26.6%。相关分析表明,土壤全碳与NaHCO₃-Pi、C.HCl-Po呈显著正相关,全碳、有机碳与Resin-P呈显著负相关,C/P与NaOH-Po、Residual-P呈显著负相关,体现出复杂的碳磷耦合效应。综上,相较其他放牧处理,轮牧和轻度持续放牧在维持土壤中活性磷有效性方面更具优势。建议青藏高原高寒草原优先采用轮牧制度,避免重度持续放牧,以实现土壤磷供应的长期平衡。

关键词: 高寒草原, 放牧, 磷组分, Tiessen-Moir连续浸提法

Abstract: Soil P availability is a key factor restricting ecosystem function of alpine grasslands. However, the effects of grazing regimes and intensities on the soil P transformation remain unclear. We conducted a grazing experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with no grazing as the control, and two grazing regimes: continuous grazing and rotational grazing, each with three intensity levels: light, moderate and heavy. We investigated the responses of soil P fractions under different grazing patterns. The Tiessen-Moir sequential extraction method was used to analyze rhizosphere soil P fractions, including labile P [Resin-P, sodium bicarbonate Pi/Po (NaHCO₃-Pi/Po)], moderately labile P [sodium hydroxide Pi/Po (NaOH-Pi/Po)], and stable P [dilute hydrochloric acid Pi (D.HCl-Pi), concentrated hydrochloric acid Pi/Po (C.HCl-Pi/Po), and Residual-P]. The results showed that grazing regime, intensity, and their interaction had no significant effect on components of labile P and moderately labile P. However, NaOH-Po content in the light continuous grazing, light rotational grazing, and heavy rotational grazing treatments was 154.3% to 161.1% higher than that in the control, indicating that rotational grazing and light continuous grazing were conducive to increasing the moderately labile Po pool. Under continuous grazing, the mean C.HCl-Pi content was significantly lower by 23.9% compared to the control. Furthermore, grazing regime significantly affected soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, with continuous grazing showing a significant increase of 21.0% compared to rotational grazing. Total C and total N contents were highest under heavy continuous grazing, increasing significantly by 6.5% and 26.6%, respectively, compared to the control. Correlation analysis confirmed that soil total C was significantly positively correlated with NaHCO₃-Pi and C.HCl-Po, while total C and organic C were significantly negatively correlated with Resin-P. Soil C/P was significantly negatively correlated with NaOH-Po and Residual-P, reflecting complex C-P coupling effect. In summary, rotational grazing and light continuous grazing were more advantageous in maintaining soil P availability. We recommended that rotational grazing be prioritized in the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, thereby achieving long-term balance in soil P supply.

Key words: alpine grassland, grazing, P fraction, Tiessen-Moir sequential extraction method

冯琴, 董世魁, 丁文利, 杨珏婕, 鱼小军, 马春晖, 赫凤彩, 魏向宇. 放牧方式与强度对高寒草原根际土壤磷组分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 1871-1878.

FENG Qin, DONG Shikui, DING Wenli, YANG Juejie, YU Xiaojun, MA Chunhui, HE Fengcai, WEI Xiangyu. Effects of grazing regimes and intensities on P fractionation in rhizosphere soil of alpine grasslands[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1871-1878.

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