基于结构方程模型的灌-草-生物结皮立体结构量化

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1897-1906.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.012

基于结构方程模型的灌-草-生物结皮立体结构量化

欧阳文峰^1,2,3, 高丽倩^1,2,3*, 赵允格^1,2,3, 孙会⁴, 王鹏⁵

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
⁴陕西省环境科学研究院, 西安 710061;
⁵宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-09-11 修回日期:2026-04-27 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-12-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: glq@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:欧阳文峰, 男, 1999年生, 博士研究生。主要从事生物结皮生态功能研究。E-mail: 13056221377@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300802)、中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划——“西部青年学者”项目(XAB2022YW01)和宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BEG03002)

Quantitative study of the multilayer complex structure of shrub-herbage-biocrusts based on structural equation model

OUYANG Wenfeng^1,2,3, GAO Liqian^1,2,3*, ZHAO Yunge^1,2,3, SUN Hui⁴, WANG Peng⁵

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
⁴Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi’an 710061, China;
⁵School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2025-09-11 Revised:2026-04-27 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 灌-草-生物结皮是干旱半干旱地区常见的植被群落,具有明显的水平和垂直结构特征,量化该群落立体结构特征是解析其生态功能的基础。本研究以典型黄土高原不同立体结构的灌-草-生物结皮为研究对象,采用无人机与样方法调查群落形态特征,筛选水平及垂直结构代表性描述指标,并基于结构方程模型构建立体结构指数。结果表明:灌木、草本及生物结皮投影盖度是表征立体结构水平特征的代表性指标,灌木高度×冠幅和草本高度则是表征垂直结构的代表性指标。立体结构中各植被层次权重表现为:草本层(0.39)>生物结皮层(0.36)>灌木层(0.25),各层次水平与垂直指标权重接近(0.49～0.51)。植被总盖度在30.9%～80.2%,植被交错盖度为11.5%～113.0%,表明群落呈现明显的结构异质性。基于结构方程模型构建的立体结构指数范围为0～1,数值增大表征植被各层次间交错程度增加,立体结构趋于复杂化。验证结果显示,立体结构指数与植被交错盖度呈显著线性正相关,表明运用结构方程模型能有效量化灌-草-生物结皮群落的立体结构特征。本研究可为灌-草-生物结皮植被群落结构-生态功能关系深入研究及生态修复实践提供方法支撑及理论依据。

关键词: 植被群落, 生物结皮, 立体结构, 结构方程模型, 指标权重, 量化表征

Abstract: Shrub-herbage-biocrust is a common structure of vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized by distinct horizontal and vertical structural features. Quantifying the three-dimensional vegetation structure is fundamental to understanding its ecological functions. Focusing on shrub-herbage-biocrust communities with varying three-dimensional structures on the typical Loess Plateau, we employed unmanned aerial vehicle and quadrat surveys to investigate community morphological traits, screen representative indicators of horizontal and vertical structures, and construct a three-dimensional structure index based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that the projective coverage of shrub, herbage, and biocrusts were representative indicators for the horizontal features of the three-dimensional structure, whereas the product of shrub height and canopy width, alongside herbaceous plant height, were representative indicators for the vertical structural features. The weights of each vegetation layer in the three-dimensional structure were in order of herbaceous layer (0.39) > biocrust layer (0.36) > shrub layer (0.25), and the weights of horizontal and vertical indicators for each layer were quite similar (0.49-0.51). Vegetation total coverage ranged from 30.9% to 80.2%, and vegetation interlacing coverage ranged from 11.5% to 113.0%, indicating strong structural heterogeneity within the community. The constructed three-dimensional structure index based on SEM ranged from 0 to 1, with increasing values indicating an increased degree of interleaving among vegetation layers and a tendency toward more complex three-dimensional structures. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the three-dimensional structure index and interlaced vegetation coverage, indicating that SEM could effectively quantify the three-dimensional structural characteristics of shrub-herbage-biocrust communities. This study would provide methodological support and a theoretical foundation for in-depth research on the structure-function relationships of shrub-herbage-biocrust communities, as well as for practical ecolo-gical restoration efforts.

Key words: vegetation community, biocrust, three-dimensional structure, structural equation model, index weight, quantitative characterization

欧阳文峰, 高丽倩, 赵允格, 孙会, 王鹏. 基于结构方程模型的灌-草-生物结皮立体结构量化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 1897-1906.

OUYANG Wenfeng, GAO Liqian, ZHAO Yunge, SUN Hui, WANG Peng. Quantitative study of the multilayer complex structure of shrub-herbage-biocrusts based on structural equation model[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1897-1906.

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基于结构方程模型的灌-草-生物结皮立体结构量化

Quantitative study of the multilayer complex structure of shrub-herbage-biocrusts based on structural equation model

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