生物结皮分布格局对坡面土壤风蚀空间分布的调控作用

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.014

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2215-2221.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.014

生物结皮分布格局对坡面土壤风蚀空间分布的调控作用

麻悦媛^1,2,5, 孙会³, 高丽倩^1,2,4*, 赵允格^1,2,4

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³陕西省环境科学研究院, 西安 710061;
⁴西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁵中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-11-09 接受日期:2026-05-18 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2027-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: glq@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:麻悦媛, 女, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: mayyuan011@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划—“西部青年学者”项目(XAB2022YW01)和国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32561143039)资助。

Regulatory effect of biological soil crust distribution patterns on the spatial distribution of wind erosion on slopes

MA Yueyuan^1,2,5, SUN Hui³, GAO Liqian^1,2,4*, ZHAO Yunge^1,2,4

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, China;
⁴College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁵University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-11-09 Accepted:2026-05-18 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2027-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物结皮是干旱半干旱区影响土壤风蚀的关键因子,但目前其分布如何影响地表侵蚀空间分异尚不明确,阻碍了对生物结皮抗风蚀机制的理解及风蚀精准防控。本研究通过室内风洞试验,结合SfM近景摄影测量技术,研究生物结皮分布格局(棋盘、条带和随机)对风蚀空间分布的影响。结果表明:1)与裸土相比,随机、条带和棋盘3种分布格局的生物结皮坡面风蚀速率和输沙率均降低,风蚀速率分别显著降低85.6%、60.4%和57.3%,近地表(0～6 cm)输沙率分别降低84.0%、45.3%和34.8%。2)受生物结皮分布格局的影响,坡面侵蚀空间分布差异显著。随机格局坡面侵蚀区分布破碎,主要分布在坡面四周和生物结皮斑块隔开的细小通径,侵蚀强度不大,侵蚀深度主要分布在0～2 mm;条带格局坡面侵蚀区和沉积区相间分布,侵蚀在裸土斑块内连续分布,侵蚀深度主要在0～4 mm;棋盘格局坡面上风向区域侵蚀最严重,坡中区域较弱且不连续,多分布在裸土斑块边缘,侵蚀深度集中在0～4 mm。3)与裸土坡面相比,生物结皮坡面平均侵蚀深度降低2～4 mm,侵蚀面积占比和侵蚀体积分别降低23.4%～39.8%和54.6%～74.0%,沉积面积和沉积体积分别增加7.2～10.0和8.3～15.4倍。4)不同分布格局生物结皮坡面沉积能力相近,随机格局坡面呈现弱侵蚀,抗风蚀能力最强;条带和棋盘格局坡面均呈现较强侵蚀,抗风蚀能力较弱。生物结皮分布格局通过影响裸土斑块间连接程度,改变风蚀发生位置和输沙路径,从而影响风蚀强度。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 分布格局, 土壤风蚀, 土壤侵蚀空间分布

Abstract: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are key factors influencing soil wind erosion in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the effects of their spatial distribution on the spatial differentiation of surface erosion remain unclear, hindering the understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to wind erosion and the precision prevention and control of wind erosion. We investigated the effects of biocrust distribution patterns (checkerboard, strip, and random) on the spatial distribution of wind erosion through wind tunnel experiments combined with structure from motion (SfM). The results showed that: 1) Compared with bare soil, both wind erosion rates and sediment transport rates decreased on biocrust slopes with random, strip, and checkerboard distribution patterns. Wind erosion rates were significantly reduced by 85.6%, 60.4%, and 57.3%, respectively, while the near-surface (0-6 cm) sediment transport rates decreased by 84.0%, 45.3%, and 34.8%, respectively. 2) The spatial distribution of slope erosion varied significantly across the biocrust distribution patterns. On the random-pattern slope, soil erosion areas were fragmented, mainly distributed around the slope periphery and in narrow pathways separated by biocrust patches. The relatively low erosion intensity and erosion depth mainly ranged from 0 to 2 mm. On the strip-pattern slope, soil erosion and deposition areas were alternately distributed, with erosion continuously occurring within bare-soil patches and erosion depth mostly ranging from 0 to 4 mm. On the checkerboard-pattern slope, erosion was most severe in the upwind region, weaker and discontinuous in the mid-slope region, and mostly distributed at the edges of bare-soil patches, with erosion depth concentrating between 0 and 4 mm. 3) Compared with the bare-soil slope, the average erosion depth on biocrust-covered slopes decreased by 2-4 mm. The proportion of erosion area and erosion volume decreased by 23.4%-39.8% and 54.6%-74.0%, respectively. The deposition area and deposition volume increased by 7.2-10.0 and 8.3-15.4 times, respectively. 4) The deposition capacities of slopes with different biocrust distribution patterns were similar. The random-pattern slope showed weak erosion and the strongest resistance to wind erosion, whereas both the strip- and checkerboard-pattern slopes showed relatively strong erosion and weaker resistance to wind erosion. The distribution pattern of biocrusts could influence the connectivity among bare-soil patches and change the locations where wind erosion occurs and the sediment transport pathways, with consequence on wind erosion intensity.

Key words: biological soil crust, distribution pattern, soil wind erosion, spatial distribution of soil erosion

麻悦媛, 孙会, 高丽倩, 赵允格. 生物结皮分布格局对坡面土壤风蚀空间分布的调控作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2215-2221.

MA Yueyuan, SUN Hui, GAO Liqian, ZHAO Yunge. Regulatory effect of biological soil crust distribution patterns on the spatial distribution of wind erosion on slopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(7): 2215-2221.

参考文献

[1] 董治宝, 李振山, 严平. 国外土壤风蚀的研究历史与特点. 中国沙漠, 1995, 15(1): 100-104
[2] 廖超英, 李靖, 郑粉莉, 等. 国外土壤风蚀预报的研究历史与动向. 水土保持研究, 2004, 11(4): 50-53
[3] 樊军, 刘岩. 黄土高原农牧交错区生态建设的关键问题思考. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3557-3562
[4] Benko ZR. Biological soil crusts: Structure, function, and management. Community Ecology, 2003, 4: 118-119
[5] Belnap J. Surface disturbances: Their role in accelerating desertification. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1995, 37: 39-57
[6] 王雪芹, 张元明, 张伟民, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮对地表风蚀作用影响的风洞实验. 冰川冻土, 2004, 26(5): 632-638
[7] 张珺雨, 赵允格, 张新宇, 等. 以增强土壤抗蚀性为目标的藓结皮人工培养观测指标筛选. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(6): 1829-1836
[8] 高丽倩, 赵允格, 秦宁强, 等. 黄土丘陵区生物结皮对土壤可蚀性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(1): 105-112
[9] 康红梅, 刘金鹏, 张军, 等. 一种蓝藻、沙蒿胶及微生物菌剂联合固沙新方法研究. 环境生态学, 2025, 7(9): 153-157
[10] 张元明, 陈晋, 王雪芹, 等. 古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 53-60
[11] 张朋, 卜崇峰, 杨永胜, 等. 基于CCA的坡面尺度生物结皮空间分布. 生态学报, 2015, 35(16): 5412-5420
[12] Zhang JQ, Li YY, Yang MY, et al. Combined impact of moss crust coverage rates and distribution patterns on wind erosion using beryllium-7 measurements. Catena, 2022, 211: 106005
[13] 马亚莉, 王祉铎, 张加琼, 等. 苔藓结皮对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验和模拟. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(5): 97-107
[14] 杨文斌, 卢琦, 吴波, 等. 低覆盖度不同配置灌丛内风流结构与防风效果的风洞实验. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(5): 791-796
[15] Zhang S, Ding GD, Yu MH, et al. Effect of straw checkerboards on wind proofing, sand fixation, and ecological restoration in shifting sandy land. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15: 2184
[16] 陈浩然, 高丽倩, 郭雅丽, 等. 基于SfM近景摄影测量技术的藓结皮坡面风蚀监测. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(7): 129-135
[17] 王斌科, 唐克丽, 张科利, 等. 神木六道沟流域的土壤侵蚀类型强度及其分异规律. 中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊, 1993, 18(2): 57-66, 145-166
[18] 刘振东, 王飞, 李光录. 圆锥形扰流器对室内风蚀风洞气流均匀性与稳定性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2011, 39(11): 133-140
[19] 马芹, 张晓萍, 万龙, 等. 1957—2009年黄土高原地区风速变化趋势. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(12): 2123-2134
[20] 吴晓旭, 邹学勇, 王仁德, 等. 毛乌素沙地不同下垫面的风沙运动特征. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(4): 828-835
[21] Yang Y, Shi YZ, Liang XZ, et al. Evaluation of structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry on the measurement of rill and interrill erosion in a typical loess. Geomorphology, 2021, 385: 107734
[22] 陶照堂. 风沙流对生物结皮的冲击破坏研究. 硕士论文. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2012
[23] Zhao YG, Qin NQ, Weber B, et al. Response of biolo-gical soil crusts to raindrop erosivity and underlying influences in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014, 23: 1669-1686
[24] Fick SE, Barger N, Tatarko J, et al. Induced biological soil crust controls on wind erodibility and dust (PM₁₀) emissions. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2019, 45: 224-236
[25] Zhang YM, Wang HL, Wang XQ, et al. The microstructure of microbiotic crust and its influence on wind erosion for a sandy soil surface in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China. Geoderma, 2006, 132: 441-449
[26] 黄明辉, 赵允格, 高丽倩. 人工藻结皮对旱区农田土壤风蚀的防控效应. 水土保持通报, 2023, 43(5): 1-6, 26
[27] 温媛媛, 赵军, 高超. 石羊河流域草地景观连通性动态评价. 热带农业工程, 2025, 49(4): 6-14
[28] 刘小平, 董治宝. 直立植被粗糙度和阻力分解的风洞实验研究. 中国沙漠, 2002, 22(1): 82-87
[29] Cheng TL, Pan YX, Li Y, et al. Spatial vegetation structure and its effect on wind erosion of Alxa dryland ecosystem. Environmental Research Letters, 2023, 18: 044017
[30] Owen PR. Saltation of uniform grains in air. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1964, 20: 225-242
[31] Okin GS, Moreno-de las Heras M, Saco PM, et al. Connectivity in dryland landscapes: Shifting concepts of spatial interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2015, 13: 20-27
[32] Cheng H, Liu CC, Li JF, et al. Wind erosion mass variability with sand bed in a wind tunnel. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017, 165: 181-189
[33] 邹学勇, 刘玉璋, 吴丹, 等. 若干特殊地表风蚀的风洞实验研究. 地理研究, 1994, 13(2): 41-48
[34] Fang HY, Cai QG, Chen H, et al. Mechanism of formation of physical soil crust in desert soils treated with straw checkerboards. Soil and Tillage Research, 2007, 93: 222-230
[35] 孙海涛. 非连续结皮地表风沙流特征的数值模拟研究. 硕士论文. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2023

生物结皮分布格局对坡面土壤风蚀空间分布的调控作用

Regulatory effect of biological soil crust distribution patterns on the spatial distribution of wind erosion on slopes

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张海林, 王宇欣, 李胜龙, 易军, 费远航, 郭睿思, 廖琴. 亚热带退化红壤苔藓结皮对土壤水分入渗和水流特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2605-2617.
[2]	文田田, 赵晓林, 瞿宇阳, 徐文斌, 马占仓, 阎平. 伊犁河谷地区外来入侵植物的物种组成和分布格局 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(7): 2039-2045.
[3]	赵丽娜, 陈笑含, 李明鑫, 李亚宁, 张依妮, 高源婧坤, 古绍彬. 荒漠生物土壤结皮关键细菌的筛选鉴定及生态应用潜力 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(5): 1407-1412.
[4]	韩鹏, 解育才, 叶林, 王森, 任婷婷, 李昂, 魏存争, 田秋英. 光伏工程对荒漠生态系统影响的研究综述 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(12): 3871-3878.
[5]	冼海英, 肖波, 姚小萌, 窦韦强. 黄土高原生物结皮覆盖下表层土壤有机碳组分对模拟气候暖湿化的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(1): 132-140.
[6]	陈钧儒, 江子昊, 肖波, 杨宇航, 窦韦强, 曹尤淞. 黄土丘陵区生物结皮集雨面的集雨效果及其关键影响因子 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(6): 1645-1652.
[7]	胡孔飞, 夏昕, 龚佑科, 杨松林, 徐永福. 湖南省靖州县外来入侵植物研究 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(5): 1269-1274.
[8]	张卫信, 申智锋, 赵灿灿, 马子鹤, 杨安, 邵元虎, 赵杰, 傅声雷. 中国土壤动物生态地理学研究现状与展望 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(5): 1435-1446.
[9]	赵允格, 吉静怡, 张万涛, 明姣, 黄琬雲, 高丽倩. 黄土高原生物土壤结皮分布时空分异特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(3): 739-748.
[10]	梁雪丽, 梁晓霞, 毛晓雅, 柴宝峰, 贾彤. 芦芽山鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛不同深度土壤细菌群落分布格局及其影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(2): 381-389.
[11]	张悦, 马巍格, 刘谷娥, 周全来, 郭佳, 曹伟. 东北半干旱区外来植物入侵现状评估 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(1): 73-79.
[12]	杨振康, 杨婉蓉, 刘志娟, 高伟达, 任图生, 沈彦俊, 杨晓光. 气候变化对东北三省土壤风蚀的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2429-2435.
[13]	邱婧, 韩安霞, 何春梅, 尹秋龙, 贾仕宏, 罗颖, 李晨璐, 郝占庆. 秦岭优势乔木锐齿槲栎的空间分布格局及种内关联 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(8): 2035-2042.
[14]	窦韦强, 肖波, 王彦峰, 江子昊, 余星兴, 李胜龙. 黄土高原封禁林地藓结皮呼吸速率对放牧踩踏干扰强度的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1783-1790.
[15]	张冠华, 易亮, 丁文峰, 王一然, 牛俊, 李建明, 孙宝洋. 三峡库区苔藓生物结皮对土壤水分入渗的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1835-1842.