不同改良措施对连作白术存活率及土壤微生物群落的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.012

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2364-2372.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.012

不同改良措施对连作白术存活率及土壤微生物群落的影响

段慧娟¹, 林咸永², 徐琦³, 王盼⁴, 朱洪海⁵, 王辉⁶, 殷跃^1*, 段桂兰¹

¹中国科学院生态环境研究中心区域与城市生态安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100085;
²浙江大学环境与资源学院污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室, 杭州 310058;
³郑州大学河南先进技术研究院, 郑州 450001;
⁴磐安县中药创新发展研究院, 浙江磐安 322305;
⁵浙江中医药大学金华研究院, 浙江金华 321000;
⁶浙江中医药大学, 杭州 311402

收稿日期:2025-10-20 接受日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2027-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: yueyin@rcees.ac.cn
作者简介:段慧娟, 女, 1999年生, 博士研究生。主要从事土壤健康改良研究。E-mail: 12414075@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家中医药综合改革示范区中医药科技共建项目(GZY-KJS-ZJ-2025-032)资助。

Effects of different amendment treatments on survival rate and soil microbial community of continuous cropping Atractylodes macrocephala

DUAN Huijuan¹, LIN Xianyong², XU Qi³, WANG Pan⁴, ZHU Honghai⁵, WANG Hui⁶, YIN Yue^1*, DUAN Guilan¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
²Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
³Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
⁴Pan'an Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation and Development, Pan'an 322305, Zhejiang, China;
⁵Jinhua Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China;
⁶Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China

Received:2025-10-20 Accepted:2026-05-13 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2027-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白术长期连作易引发根腐病等土传病害,导致产量下降甚至失收。火烧、熏蒸及菌剂施用是农业生产中常用的土传病害防控措施,但其对白术连作体系中植株生长及土壤微生物群落的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过田间试验结合高通量扩增子测序技术,分析了火烧、熏蒸、菌剂及火烧+熏蒸+菌剂组合处理对白术存活率、产量及连作土壤微生物群落的影响,并进一步探究了影响白术存活率的关键微生物类群。结果表明:各土壤改良措施均能不同程度提高白术存活率和产量,其中熏蒸处理对白术存活率的提升效果最显著,存活率和产量分别为66.9%和2533.46 kg·hm^-2,较对照(不采用任何改良措施)分别提高89.5%和157.8%;火烧+熏蒸+菌剂组合处理的存活率和产量分别为61.1%和2749.52 kg·hm^-2,较对照分别提高73.1%和179.8%,其产量增幅最高。不同处理间土壤真菌群落组成差异显著,而细菌群落结构变化相对较小。对照土壤真菌群落以担子菌门为优势类群,而火烧、熏蒸、菌剂及组合处理土壤均以子囊菌门为优势类群。组合处理的真菌共现网络边数最多,达14204条,且去除关键节点后网络稳定性下降幅度较小,表明该处理可增强真菌群落网络的复杂性与稳定性。随机森林分析表明,Leptosphaerulina属、Saitozyma属、Paraboeremia属、镰刀菌属是影响白术存活率的主要真菌类群,且其在熏蒸和组合处理中的相对丰度显著降低。线性拟合结果进一步显示,白术存活率与Saitozyma属(R²=0.32)的相对丰度呈显著负相关。综上,熏蒸及火烧+熏蒸+菌剂组合处理可通过重塑土壤微生物群落结构、增强真菌群落网络稳定性并降低潜在病原菌丰度,改善连作土壤生态功能,从而有效提升白术存活率和产量。

关键词: 熏蒸, 火烧, 菌剂, 微生物群落, 改良措施, 土传病害

Abstract: Prolonged continuous cropping of Atractylodes macrocephala usually cause soil-borne diseases such as root rot, resulting in significant yield losses even total crop failure. Burning, fumigation, and microbial inoculant application are commonly used to suppress soil-borne diseases in agricultural systems. However, their effects on plant performance and soil microbial communities in continuously cropped A. macrocephala systems remain poorly understood. We conducted a field experiment with high-throughput amplicon sequencing to examine the effects of burning, soil fumigation, microbial inoculant application, and their combined treatment (burning + fumigation + microbial inoculant application) on the survival rate, yield, and soil microbial communities of continuously cropped A. macrocephala, as well as to identify the key microbial taxa influencing A. macrocephala survival. The results showed that all soil amendment treatments increased A. macrocephala survival rate and yield. Soil fumigation treatment had the strongest effect on plant survival, with a survival rate of 66.9% and a yield of 2533.46 kg·hm^-2, representing 89.5% and 157.8% increases, respectively. The combined treatment of soil burning, fumigation, and microbial inoculant application resulted in a survival rate of 61.1% and a yield of 2749.52 kg·hm^-2, correspon-ding to 73.1% and 179.8% increases, respectively, and showed the largest yield gain among all treatments. Soil fungal community composition differed significantly among treatments, whereas bacterial community structure exhi-bited comparatively limited variation. Soil fungal communities in the control were dominated by Basidiomycota, whereas Ascomycota predominated in soils subjected to burning, fumigation, microbial inoculant application and the combined treatment. The combined treatment harbored the most connected fungal network, with 14204 edges, and exhibited a smaller decline in network stability following the removal of keystone nodes, indicating enhanced network complexity and robustness. Random forest analysis identified Leptosphaerulina, Saitozyma, Paraboeremia, and Fusarium as the key fungal genera associated with A. macrocephala survival, with their relative abundances being significantly reduced under fumigation and the combined treatments. The survival rate of A. macrocephala was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Saitozyma (R²=0.32). Together, these findings indicate that soil fumigation and the combined application of soil burning, fumigation, and microbial inoculants can improve the ecological function of continuously cropped soils by restructuring soil microbial communities, enhancing fungal network stability and suppressing putative fungal pathogens, thereby increasing the survival rate and yield of A. macrocephala.

Key words: fumigation, burning, microbial inoculant, microbial community, amendment treatment, soil-borne disease

段慧娟, 林咸永, 徐琦, 王盼, 朱洪海, 王辉, 殷跃, 段桂兰. 不同改良措施对连作白术存活率及土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2364-2372.

DUAN Huijuan, LIN Xianyong, XU Qi, WANG Pan, ZHU Honghai, WANG Hui, YIN Yue, DUAN Guilan. Effects of different amendment treatments on survival rate and soil microbial community of continuous cropping Atractylodes macrocephala[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(7): 2364-2372.

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不同改良措施对连作白术存活率及土壤微生物群落的影响

Effects of different amendment treatments on survival rate and soil microbial community of continuous cropping Atractylodes macrocephala

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