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生态多样性模型的理论分析及应用:以新疆维吾尔自治区阜康地区为例

岳天祥1;马胜男1,2;吴世新3;战金艳1   

  1. 1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;2中国科学院研究生院,北京 100039;3中国科学院新疆生态地理研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2005-06-03 修回日期:2006-02-22 出版日期:2006-05-18 发布日期:2006-05-18

heoretical analysis of ecological diversity models and their application in Fukang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

YUE Tianxiang1;MA Shengnan1,2;WU Shixin3;ZHAN Jinyan1   

  1. 1Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China; 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China; 3Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China
  • Received:2005-06-03 Revised:2006-02-22 Online:2006-05-18 Published:2006-05-18

摘要: 生态多样性是诸如物种、景观元和HLZ生态系统等研究对象丰富性和空间分布均一性的综合.理论分析表明,Shannon模型存在诸多理论的缺陷和应用的局限性.例如,Shannon模型具有大样本需求,不能反映空间尺度信息,也不能表达丰富性方面的多样性信息.本文引进Scaling生态多样性模型,以新疆维吾尔族自治区阜康市为案例区进行模拟研究.结果表明,随着空间分辨率逐渐粗化,Shannon模型模拟结果缺乏规律性,而Scaling生态多样性模型模拟得到的景观元多样性在30 m×30 m~150 m×150 m的空间尺度范围内不受空间分辨率的影响;在150 m×150 m~480 m×480 m的空间尺度范围内,随着空间分辨率的逐渐粗化,景观元多样性的模拟结果严格递减.

关键词: 三江平原, 湿地, 生态脆弱性, 层次分析法

Abstract: Ecological diversity refers to a combination of the richness and evenness of an investigation object.Based on this,the widely used model,Shannon model,and a recently developed model,Scaling ecological diversity model,were theoretically analyzed in this paper.It was indicated that Shannon model had many limitations,e.g.,it could be available only when the number of each type of investigation object was more than 100,did not include any information of scale,and could not express the richness of diversity.In other words,Shannon model could only express the evenness of diversity.A case-study in Fukang of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region showed that the richness and Shannon evenness were always resolution-dependent,while the ecotope diversity calculated by Scaling ecological diversity model was resolution-independent when the spatial resolution ranged from 30 m×30 m to 150 m×150 m,and strictly increased when the spatial resolution ranged from 150 m×150 m to 480 m×480 m.

Key words: Sanjiang Plain, Wetlands, Ecological fragility, AHP