胡桃楸与兴安落叶松凋落物添加对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用盆栽试验,研究了胡桃楸与兴安落叶松凋落物不同比例添加(CK:不添加凋落物;H₁₀L₀:胡桃楸10 g;H₇L₃:胡桃楸7 g+兴安落叶松3 g;H₅L₅:胡桃楸5 g+兴安落叶松5 g;H₃L₇:胡桃楸3 g+兴安落叶松7 g;H₀L₁₀:兴安落叶松10 g)对基质中养分和酚酸含量以及胡桃楸幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明: 凋落物添加显著影响基质中铵态氮、有效磷及酚酸含量,其中,胡桃楸与兴安落叶松凋落物等比例混合时(H₅L₅)基质养分含量最高(有效磷除外)。基质中总酚和水溶性酚酸含量随兴安落叶松凋落物占比增加而减少,H₀L₁₀处理较CK分别显著减少了22.7%和25.3%。添加兴安落叶松凋落物能有效促进胡桃楸幼苗生长,H₃L₇和H₀L₁₀处理的化感综合效应指数(M_R)值高于H₁₀L₀和H₇L₃处理,H₀L₁₀处理最高(M_R=-0.07)。与CK相比,添加凋落物处理均显著提高了胡桃楸的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率。CK组的丙二醛含量最高且净光合速率最低。H₀L₁₀处理幼苗生长最好,丙二醛含量最低,净光合速率最高,且较CK显著提高了101.6%。添加兴安落叶松凋落物可以缓解胡桃楸幼苗的自毒作用,促进其生长;兴安落叶松凋落物比例较高时对胡桃楸幼苗生长及生理特性有不同程度的促进作用。

关键词: 胡桃楸, 兴安落叶松, 凋落物, 酚酸, 化感效应评价, 基质养分, 幼苗生长

Abstract: We conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of different proportions (CK: no litter; H₁₀L₀: Juglans mandshurica 10 g; H₇L₃: J. mandshurica 7 g + Larix gmelinii 3 g; H₅L₅: J. mandshurica 5 g + L. gmelinii 5 g; H₃L₇: J. mandshurica 3 g + L. gmelinii 7 g; H₀L₁₀: L. gmelinii 10 g) of J. mandshurica and L. gmelinii litter on nutrients and phenols content in the substrate, and on the growth and physiological characteristics of J. mandshurica seedlings. The results showed that litter input significantly affected ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and phenols contents in the substrate. The content of substrate nutrients (except available phosphorus) was the highest when J. mandshurica and L. gmelinii litter were mixed in equal proportion (H₅L₅). The total phenols and water-soluble phenols contents in the substrate decreased as the proportion of L. gmelinii litter increased, while those of H₀L₁₀ treatment were significantly reduced by 22.7% and 25.3%, respectively. The addition of L. gmelinii litter could effectively promote the growth of J. mandshurica seedlings. The synthetical allelopathic index (M_R) of H₃L₇ and H₀L₁₀ treatments was higher than that of H₁₀L₀ and H₇L₃ treatments, with the highest value under H₀L₁₀ treatment (M_R=-0.07). Litter inputs significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate of J. mandshurica seedlings. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was the highest and net photosynthesis rate was the lowest in CK. Seedlings under H₀L₁₀ treatment had the best growth, with the lowest MDA content, and the highest net photosynthesis rate, which significantly increased 101.6%. The addition of L. gmelinii litter could alleviate the autotoxicity of J. mandshurica seedlings and stimulate their growth. The high litter proportion of L. gmelinii promoted the growth and physiological characteristics of J. mandshurica seedlings.

Key words: Juglans mandshurica, Larix gmelinii, litter, phenols, allelopathic effect evaluation, substrate nutrient, seedling growth

杨镒冰, 单成凤, 申方圆, 杨立学. 胡桃楸与兴安落叶松凋落物添加对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 703-710.

YANG Yibing, SHAN Chengfeng, SHEN Fangyuan, YANG Lixue. Effect of litters from Juglans mandshurica and Larix gmelinii on the growth of J. mandshurica seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(3): 703-710.

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