减量复合肥配施蚕沙有机肥对毛竹林土壤酶活性和微生物养分限制的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202510.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 复合肥减量配施有机肥是提高土壤肥力、促进植物生长的有效手段。本研究用等氮量蚕沙有机肥替代复合肥氮,设置0、25%、50%、75%、100%(CF、OF₂₅、OF₅₀、OF₇₅、OF)5个替代比例和不施肥(CK)共6个处理,研究减量复合肥配施蚕沙有机肥条件下毛竹林土壤基本化学性质、微生物生物量、酶活性和酶化学计量比的变化特征,并探讨对土壤微生物养分限制的影响。结果表明:与CK和CF相比,OF₅₀、OF₇₅、OF显著提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷含量,增幅分别为30.3%～80.5%、30.9%～84.6%、11.5%～143.9%、3.5%～487.0%,显著提高了土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。与CF相比,OF₅₀、OF₇₅、OF土壤微生物生物量碳显著提高17.0%～27.1%,OF₅₀土壤微生物生物量氮显著提高38.7%。与CF相比,OF显著降低了碳氮获取酶化学计量比(C∶N_EEA),显著提高了氮磷获取酶化学计量比(N∶P_EEA),而OF₇₅显著提高了碳磷获取酶化学计量比(C∶P_EEA)。酶计量矢量模型表明,研究区毛竹林土壤微生物主要受氮的限制,且OF₇₅和OF显著减弱了微生物的氮限制。相关分析和冗余分析表明,土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、阳离子交换量与酶活性以及酶计量比呈显著正相关,且对酶活性及酶计量比的解释量最高。因此,减量复合肥配施蚕沙有机肥可以显著提高土壤有机碳、养分含量和酶活性,改变土壤微生物的养分限制状况,未来可以采取减量75%复合肥配施蚕沙有机肥来缓解土壤微生物的氮限制,以提升土壤肥力。

关键词: 减量复合肥, 蚕沙有机肥, 毛竹, 酶活性, 酶化学计量比

Abstract: The combination of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer is an effective means to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. To clarify how compound fertilizer (CF) decrement and silkworm excrement organic fertilizer (OF) application affects soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests, we set up an experiment with six treatments: five substitution ratios of 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (CF, OF₂₅, OF₅₀, OF₇₅, OF) and no fertilization (CK). We investigated the changes in soil basic chemical properties, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and enzyme stoichiometric ratios, and evaluated the main factors affecting enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometric ratios. The results showed that compared with CK and CF, OF₅₀, OF₇₅, and OF significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus, and available phosphorus content by 30.3%-80.5%, 30.9%-84.6%, 11.5%-143.9%, and 3.5%-487.0%, respectively, and significantly increased the activities of soil β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and acid phosphatase. Compared with CF, soil microbial biomass carbon in OF₅₀, OF₇₅, and OF was significantly increased by 17.0% to 27.1%, and soil microbial biomass nitrogen in OF₅₀ was significantly increased by 38.7%. Compared with CF, OF significantly decreased the stoichiometric ratio of C- and N- acquiring enzymes (C:N_EEA) and increased that of N- and P-acquiring enzymes (N:P_EEA), while OF₇₅ significantly increased that of C- and P-acquiring enzymes (C:P_EEA). The enzyme quantification vector model indicated that soil microorganisms were mainly limited by nitrogen. OF₇₅ and OF significantly weakened the nitrogen limitation of microorganisms. Relevant analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that SOC, TN, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity were significantly positively correlated with enzyme activities and enzyme stoichiometric ratios, which mainly explained the variations of enzyme activities and enzyme stoichiometric ratios. In conclusion, CF decrement combined with OF could significantly increase soil organic carbon, nutrient contents, and enzyme activities, thereby change the nutrient limitation of soil microorganisms. 75% decrement CF combined with OF could alleviate the nitrogen limitation of soil microorganisms and improve soil fertility.

Key words: compound fertilizer decrement, silkworm excrement organic fertilizer, moso bamboo, enzyme activity, enzyme stoichiometric ratio

杨振亚, 赵建诚, 李颖, 王波, 倪惠菁. 减量复合肥配施蚕沙有机肥对毛竹林土壤酶活性和微生物养分限制的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(10): 3069-3077.

YANG Zhenya, ZHAO Jiancheng, LI Ying, WANG Bo, NI Huijing. Effects of compound fertilizer decrement combined with silkworm excrement organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities and microbial nutrient limitation in Phyllostachys edulis forests[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(10): 3069-3077.

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