1982—2018年西北地区植被总初级生产力和归一化植被指数对干旱的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202510.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国西北地区生态环境脆弱,对气候变化极为敏感。在全球干旱事件愈发频繁背景下,研究干旱化趋势对植被的影响及其响应机制具有重要意义。本研究基于1982—2018年标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)、植被总初级生产力(GPP)和归一化植被指数(NDVI),从年际和季节尺度对比分析干旱特征(峰值、烈度和历时)对西北地区植被GPP和NDVI的影响及其响应差异。结果表明:1982—2018年间,西北地区干旱峰值、烈度和历时整体均呈显著上升趋势,其中,新疆东部和内蒙古西部干旱加剧,而青海东部和甘肃南部干旱缓解。年尺度上,干旱烈度与GPP和NDVI呈显著相关区域分别占研究区总面积的7.8%和7.4%,而干旱峰值与GPP、干旱历时与NDVI显著相关区域面积占比分别为5.5%和3.4%。季节尺度上,在春季,GPP更易受干旱累积效应的影响,而NDVI主要受当季干旱驱动;在夏季和秋季,GPP主要受干旱的滞后效应主导,NDVI则受滞后效应和当季干旱的双重作用。干旱烈度对GPP变化的负贡献率最高(38.6%),干旱峰值对NDVI变化的负贡献率最大(42.6%),而干旱历时对GPP和NDVI变化的正贡献率分别达30.3%和38.5%。总体而言,西北地区植被GPP和NDVI对干旱的响应以滞后效应为主,烈度和峰值分别主导其变化。在未来干旱加剧的背景下,干旱半干旱区应通过分区和季节管理增强生态系统对水分胁迫的适应性。

关键词: 西北地区, 干旱特征, 总初级生产力, 归一化植被指数, 偏相关分析

Abstract: The environment in northwestern China is fragile and extremely sensitive to climate change. Under increasingly frequent global drought events, it is critical to investigate the impacts of aridification on vegetation and their response mechanisms. Based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), gross primary productivity (GPP), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), we analyzed the impacts of drought characteristics (peak, intensity, and duration) on vegetation GPP and NDVI in northwestern China from 1982 to 2018 from interannual and seasonal scales. The results showed that during 1982-2018, drought peak, intensity, and duration all exhibited significant upward trends. Drought intensified in eastern Xinjiang and western Inner Mongolia, but eased in eastern Qinghai and southern Gansu. At the annual scale, the regions significantly correlated with drought intensity, GPP, and NDVI accounted for 7.8% and 7.4% of the total study area, respectively, while the regions significantly correlated with drought peak and GPP, and drought duration and NDVI accounted for 5.5% and 3.4%, respectively. At the seasonal scale, spring GPP was more susceptible to the cumulative effect of drought, while NDVI was more affected by drought in the current season. In summer and autumn, GPP was more driven by the lag effect of drought, while the NDVI was more affected by the lag effect and the drought of the current season, respectively. Drought intensity had the highest negative contribution rate to GPP change (38.6%), and drought peak had the largest negative contribution to NDVI change (42.6%). The drought duration had the largest positive contribution to GPP and NDVI changes, reaching 30.3% and 38.5%, respectively. Overall, the response of vegetation GPP and NDVI to drought in northwestern China were primarily characterized by lag effects, with drought intensity and peak dominating their variations, respectively. In the context of increasing drought, arid and semi-arid regions should enhance adaptability of ecosystems to drought stress through zonal and seasonal management.

Key words: northwestern China, drought characteristics, gross primary production, normalized difference vegetation index, partial correlation analysis

苗愉祺, 陈宇, 刚成诚, 范蒙恩, 刘欢欢. 1982—2018年西北地区植被总初级生产力和归一化植被指数对干旱的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(10): 3094-3104.

MIAO Yuqi, CHEN Yu, GANG Chengcheng, FAN Meng’en, LIU Huanhuan. Responses of gross primary productivity and normalized difference vegetation index to drought in northwestern China from 1982 to 2018.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(10): 3094-3104.

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