亚热带森林不同树种下土壤动物群落结构特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤动物群落在生态系统物质循环等关键功能中具有至关重要的作用,但不同树种下凋落物质量和微环境差异可能调控着土壤动物群落结构。本研究以亚热带森林同质园中8个优势树种为对象,于2022年8月原位调查了不同树种下土壤动物群落结构的组成、分类学类群和功能群的差异以及调控因子。共捕获土壤动物567只(白蚁和蚂蚁除外),隶属3门10纲26目99科,其中角翼甲螨科、蛉蟋科、原虫兆科、等节虫兆科为优势类群。树种显著影响了土壤动物总体丰度,表现为火力楠＞杜英＞米槠＞杉木＞香叶＞木荷＞马尾松＞枫香。不同树种下土壤动物的丰富度、均匀度和多样性具有明显差异,火力楠、杉木土壤动物丰富度和多样性相对较高,米槠、枫香相对较低;枫香中小型土壤动物均匀度最高且显著高于火力楠、杜英,而大型及总的土壤动物均匀度在8个树种间差异不大。此外,火力楠树种下杂食性和植食性土壤动物丰度相对较高,杜英树种相对较低;杜英、火力楠树种下捕食性和腐食性土壤动物丰度较高,显著高于枫香,且腐食性土壤动物主要以中小型土壤动物为主。冗余分析显示,凋落物N、C∶N、K是影响土壤动物群落结构的主要因子。表明凋落物层较厚且凋落物N、K含量较高的树种可能有利于提高土壤动物群落多样性及影响不同功能类群土壤动物的分布,从而有助于维持森林生物多样性。

关键词: 同质园, 土壤动物, 生物多样性, 功能类群, 凋落物

Abstract: Soil fauna play an important role in key functions of ecosystem such as material cycling. Litter quality and microenvironment of different tree species may regulate soil fauna community structure. In this study, we investigated soil fauna community structure, the differences of taxonomic and functional groups, and the regulatory factors under eight dominant tree species in August 2022. We captured 567 soil fauna (except for termites and ants), belonging to 3 phyla, 10 classes, 26 orders, and 99 families, with Achipteriidae, Trygoniidae, Poduridae, and Isotomidae as the dominant species. Tree species significantly affected soil fauna abundance, following an order: Michelia macclurei > Elaeocarpus decipiens > Castanopsis carlesii > Cunninghamia lanceolata > Lindera communis > Schima superba > Pinus massoniana > Liquidambar formosana. However, the richness, evenness, and diversity of soil fauna under different tree species were significantly different. Richness and diversity of M. macclurei, C. lanceolatas soil fauna were relatively high, while L. formosana, C. carlesii were relatively low. The evenness of meso-microfauna of L. formosana was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of M. macclureis and E. decipiens. The evenness of macrofauna and total soil fauna was not significantly different among the eight tree species. In addition, the abundance of omnivores and herbivores soil fauna was relatively high under M. macclurei, but relatively low under E. decipiens. The abundance of saprophages and predators soil fauna of E. decipiens, M. macclurei was higher than L. formosana, while saprophages was mainly meso-microfauna. Results of redundancy analysis showed that litter N, C:N, and K were the main factors affecting soil fauna community structure. The results indicated that the tree species with thicker litter layer and higher N and K contents may be conducive to enhancing the diversity of soil fauna community and affecting the distribution of different functional groups, thus contributing to the maintenance of forest biodiversity.

Key words: common garden, soil fauna, biodiversity, functional group, litter

温辉辉, 吴福忠, 张慧玲, 彭清清, 邱丹妮, 彭艳. 亚热带森林不同树种下土壤动物群落结构特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(10): 2797-2804.

WEN Huihui, WU Fuzhong, ZHANG Huiling, PENG Qingqing, QIU Danni, PENG Yan. Community structure of soil fauna under different tree species in subtropical forests[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(10): 2797-2804.

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