栉孔扇贝生理生态学特征的实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于近年发展起来的生物沉积法,在烟台四十里湾养殖海区采用室内大型流水系统对栉孔扇贝的滤水率、吸收率和生态效率等生理生态学参数进行了测定,并探讨了它们与养殖密度与食物可获得性的关系.栉孔扇贝滤水率(平均3.65L·ind^-1·h^-1)与扇贝放养密度和饵料浓度无显著关系,而栉孔扇贝摄食率随放养密度的升高而降低,与POM呈正相关.扇贝对食物的吸收效率较高(平均75.9%),这与低饵料浓度有关.扇贝氨基酸泄漏所损失的能量高于排氨的能量损失.扇贝的生长余力(SFG)、总生长效率(K₁)和净生长效率(K₂)均与饵料浓度呈正相关.扇贝对氮的总生态效率(平均9.9%)高于对碳(平均5.9%)和磷(平均4.1%).在氮的预算中,如果仅考虑NH₄⁺-N的排泄,而忽视其它形态氮的排泄,将会产生较大偏差(平均约20%).贝壳不管在能量预算还是在元素预算中都不应该被忽视.在沿岸养殖海域,栉孔扇贝通过大量的滤水摄食、生长、排泄、生物沉积等对生态系统的能量流动和物质循环产生影响.

关键词: 栉孔扇贝, 生物沉积法, 滤水率, 吸收率, 元素收支, 贵州省, 气候变化, 气候舒适度, 海拔, 通用热气候指数

Abstract: The physiological responses of scallop Chlamys farreri to changing environmental conditions were researched in semi-field water-flowing system, based on a recently developed biodeposition method. There was no significant relationship between clearance rate and stocking density or food concentration.The absorption efficiency of the scallops was not markedly affected by the stocking density and the POM. The mean POMabsorption efficiency was 75.9% and relatively high, which could be attributed to low food concentration. The energy loss by excretion of amino acid was higher than that by the excretion of ammonia. The gross ecological efficiency of N (mean value 9.9%) was higher than that of C (mean value 5.9%) or P(mean value 4.1%). In the nitrogen budget, if only NH₄⁺-N was considered and other forms of nitrogen such as amino acids were neglected,a significant error (a mean about of 20%) could arise. It was suggested that whether in energy or element budget, the shell should not be neglected. In coastal intensive raft-culture areas, scallops might give great impact on energy flow and cyclings of matter and nutrient by filtration, respiration, excretion, egestion (biodeposition production) and growth.

Key words: Chlamys farreri, Biodeposition method, Clearance rate, Absorption efficiency, Element budget, climate change, universal thermal climate index, thermal comfort, elevation., Guizhou Province

中图分类号:

Q178.53

周毅, 杨红生, 张福绥. 栉孔扇贝生理生态学特征的实验研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (2): 227-233.

ZHOU Yi, YANG Hongsheng, ZHANG Fusui. Physio-ecological characteristics of scallop Chlamys farreri[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (2): 227-233.

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