秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林物种组成与群落结构

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秦岭是典型的暖温带-亚热带过渡区。中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CForBio)现有的样地已经基本覆盖了中国大多数气候区,但位于气候过渡带的样地较少。本研究参照CForBio和CTFS(Center for Tropical Forest Science)的技术规范,于2019年在陕西皇冠山省级自然保护区内建立25 hm²(500 m×500 m)森林动态监测样地。本研究以样地内胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的所有木本植物为对象,分析了物种组成、区系特征、径级结构以及优势树种的空间分布格局。结果表明: 样地内DBH≥1 cm的木本植物独立个体有75137株(包括分枝的个体数为95679株),隶属于44科83属121种。群落属的区系类型主要为温带成分,占总属数的71.1%,同时混有一些热带成分。群落优势种明显,前5个物种的个体数超过总个体数的40%,前50个物种的个体数占总个体数的95%,其余61个物种个体数不到样地总个体数的5%。样地所有木本植物个体总径级分布呈倒“J”型。重要值>5的4个主要物种的空间分布呈现不同的分布格局。随着尺度增大,种内的聚集程度降低,且不同物种的空间分布都受到环境异质性的影响。秦岭暖温性落叶阔叶林物种组成丰富,群落结构稳定,更新良好,反映了暖温带向亚热带过渡的典型特征,且环境异质性可能是影响该样地树种空间分布的重要因素。

关键词: 暖温带-亚热带过渡带, 径级, 群落结构, 空间分布, 秦岭

Abstract: The Qinling Mountain is a natural boundary between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone. While the China Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CForBio) have basically covered most of the climate regions in China, few plots were located in the climate transition zone. Following the field protocol of CForBio and the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), a 25 hm²(500 m×500 m) forest plot was established in Huangguan Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2019. In this study, we analyzed species composition, flora characteristics, diameter class structure, and spatial distribution patterns of dominant tree species based on the data of all woody species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥1 cm. The results showed that there were 75137 woody individuals with DBH ≥1 cm in the plot (95679 when including branching individuals), belonging to 121 species, 83 genera and 44 families. The flora type at the genera level was mainly temperate, accounting for 71.1% of the total genera, and mixed with some tropical components. The dominant species in the community were obvious, with the number of individuals in the top 5 species exceeding 40% of the total number of individuals, the number of individuals in the top 50 species accounting for 95% of the total number of individuals, and the number of individuals in the remaining 61 species being less than 5% of the total. The diameter distribution of all woody indivi-duals in the plot was inverted ‘J’ type. Spatial distribution patterns varied across the four most abundant species with importance value >5. The degree of aggregation within species decreased with the increases of scales, while the spatial distribution of different species was affected by environmental heterogeneity. Warm-temperate deciduous broadleaved forest in Qinling Mountains had abundant species, stable community structure and good regeneration, reflecting the typical characteristics of the transition from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone. Environmental heterogeneity might be an important factor affecting the spatial distribution of tree species in the plot.

Key words: temperate-subtropical transition zone, diameter class, community structure, spatial distribution, Qinling Mountains

何春梅, 刘润清, 杨治春, 尹秋龙, 贾仕宏, 罗颖, 郝占庆. 秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林物种组成与群落结构[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2737-2744.

HE Chun-mei, LIU Run-qing, YANG Zhi-chun, YIN Qiu-long, JIA Shi-hong, LUO Ying, HAO Zhan-qing. Species composition and community structure of warm temperate deciduous broadleaved forests in Huangguan of Qinling Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(8): 2737-2744.

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