亚高山针叶林人工恢复过程中凋落物动态分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从森林凋落物入手,采用空间代替时间的方法对不同恢复阶段的10龄、30龄、40龄、50龄及60龄的亚高山人工云杉林的生态学过程进行了研究,并以原始林为对照,比较了人工恢复与自然演替不同恢复途径下森林凋落物动态特征的差异.结果表明,人工林恢复过程中,森林地表枯枝落叶层贮量、养分贮量及最大持水量总体上呈现先减少后增加,在恢复后的50年达到最大,并逐渐趋于平缓或略微减少的变化趋势.0龄人工林枯枝落叶层贮量、养分贮量及最大持水量比原始林存在较大差距,分别为70.21×10³、4.73×10³和89.98×10³kg·hm^-2,仅占原始林枯枝落叶层各特征的48.40%、46.79%和46.99%.人工林和次生林恢复约40年后,森林凋落节律、年凋落量及养分归还量相似;但凋落物组分含量、地表枯枝落叶层贮量及结构、养分贮量及最大持水量差异较大,说明人工林生态功能的恢复滞后于次生林,生物多样性的不同是导致这种差异的主要原因之一.

关键词: 亚高山针叶林, 生态学过程, 人工恢复, 自然演替, 凋落物, 云杉

Abstract: By adopting the concept of space as a substitute for time and taking the primitive subalpine coniferous forests as a reference,this paper investigated the forest litters in 10,30,40,50 and 60-years subalpine Picea asperata stands to study the development process of litters in subalpine coniferous plantations with different restoration stages.The difference in litter development in artificial and natural stands was also discussed.The results indicated that in Picea asperata plantations with different ages,the litter pool on forest floor and the nutrient storage and maximum moisture holding capacity of litters showed a general trend of decrease at their earlier restoration stages,and of increase at the later stages.The trend of increase reached the maximum around 50 years of restoration,and then gradually leveled off or even slightly decreased.The observed litter pool (70.21?10³ kg穐m^-2),nutrient storage (4.73?10³ kg穐m^-2) and maximum moisture holding capacity (89.98?10³ kg穐m^-2) of 60-years plantations were considerably small,only accounted for 48.40%,46.79% and 46.99% of the primitive forests,respectively.After 40 years of restoration,both artificial stands and naturally regenerated secondary forests showed similarity in litter dynamics,annual litterfall,and amount of annual nutrient returning to the soils,while a big difference in litter components,litter pool and structure on the forest floor,nutrient storage,and maximum moisture holding capacity.The difference which accounts for the difference in ecological functioning of the subalpine coniferous plantations lagging behind that of the secondary forests might be mainly caused by the less species diversity of the former.

Key words: Subalpine coniferous forest, Ecological process, Artificial restoration, Natural succession, Forest litter, Picea asperata

中图分类号:

林波, 刘庆, 吴彦, 何海, 乔永康. 亚高山针叶林人工恢复过程中凋落物动态分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (9): 1491-1496.

LIN Bo, LIU Qing, WU Yan, HE Hai, QIAO Yongkang . Dynamics of litters in artificial restoration process of subalpine coniferous forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (9): 1491-1496.

参考文献

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