川东岩溶槽谷区天池湖流域表土孢粉与现代植被的关系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.004

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 3296-3304.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.004

川东岩溶槽谷区天池湖流域表土孢粉与现代植被的关系

韩莎¹, 蒋勇军¹, 郝秀东^1,2,3*, 田兴¹, 欧阳绪红^2,3, 秦琳娟^2,3, 韦嘉胜^2,3, 戴涛¹

¹西南大学地理科学学院, 岩溶环境重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400715;
²南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 南宁 530001;
³南宁师范大学广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室, 南宁 530001

收稿日期:2025-07-11 接受日期:2025-09-12 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2026-06-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: xiudonghao@126.com
作者简介:韩莎, 女, 2000年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事孢粉学与全球变化研究。E-mail: 15935189973@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42001076,41861020)、广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026263,2025GXNSFAA069308)、西南大学创新研究2035先导计划项目(SWU-XDZD22003)和重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstb2023yszx-jcx0009,2022yszx-jcx0008cstb)

Relationship between topsoil pollen and modern vegetation in the Tianchi Lake watershed in the karst trough valley of eastern Sichuan Basin, China

HAN Sha¹, JIANG Yongjun¹, HAO Xiudong^1,2,3*, TIAN Xing¹, OUYANG Xuhong^2,3, QIN Linjuan^2,3, WEI Jiasheng^2,3, DAI Tao¹

¹Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
²Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resource Utilization, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China;
³Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China

Received:2025-07-11 Accepted:2025-09-12 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2026-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 表土孢粉与现代植被的对应关系,是利用化石孢粉重建古植被与古环境的重要基础。本研究以川东岩溶槽谷区天池湖流域为研究区,探讨耕地、撂荒地、灌丛、混交林、竹林、柚子园和李子园7种土地利用类型的孢粉组合与现代植被的对应关系。结果表明: 天池湖流域孢粉组合中,针叶树花粉占比(57.1%)最高,草本植物花粉占比(25.7%)次之,蕨类孢子占比(22.8%)较低,阔叶树花粉占比(17.2%)最少。阔叶树花粉占比与研究区典型植被亚热带常绿阔叶林存在偏差,可能与高产量花粉对低产量花粉的稀释作用及花粉自身特性有关。不同土地利用类型表土孢粉组合与现生植被在建群、优势种上对应关系较好,表土孢粉组合能较好地反映母体植被的组成。主成分分析表明,孢粉组合能有效区分7种土地利用类型,其中耕地、竹林与禾本科、苋科的对应关系较差,可能与耕作过程的干扰以及竹林林下腐殖质层较厚有关。表土孢粉的代表性因种/属不同而有差异,松属花粉具有超代表性,而落叶栎类、禾本科代表性较低。不同土地利用类型的平均孢粉浓度具有显著差异,表明在一定程度上孢粉浓度可以反映人类活动强度。天池湖流域表土孢粉组合基本反映了现代植被的整体面貌特征,孢粉组合的解释需综合考虑土壤侵蚀、孢粉保存条件等各种因素的影响。

关键词: 表土孢粉, 植被, 孢粉分析, 岩溶槽谷, 天池湖流域

Abstract: The correspondence between topsoil pollen and modern vegetation is critical for reconstructing paleove-getation and paleoenvironment from palynological fossil records. Taking the Tianchi Lake watershed in the karst trough valley of eastern Sichuan Basin as a case, we explored the correspondence between pollen assemblages and current vegetation across seven land use types: cultivated land, abandoned cropland, shrublands, mixed forest, bamboo forest, pomelo orchard, and plum orchard. The results showed that the proportion of coniferous trees pollen was the highest (57.1%), followed by herbaceous plant pollen (25.7%), while that of fern spore was relatively low (22.8%), and broad-leaved tree pollen had the lowest proportion (17.2%). The proportion of broad-leaved tree pollen deviated from the typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Such discrepancy might be attributed to the dilution effect of high-yield pollen on low-yield pollen and the inherent characteristics of the pollen. The topsoil pollen assemblages from different land use types showed a strong correspondence with the modern vegetation, particularly in terms of constructive and dominant species. The PCA results showed that pollen could distinguish the seven land use types. Among these, cultivated land and bamboo forests showed weaker correlations with Poaceae and Amaranthaceae, possibly due to soil disturbance from cultivation and the thick humus layer beneath bamboo forests. The representativeness of topsoil pollen varied across species or genera, with Pinus over-represented and deciduous Quercus and Poaceae under-represented. There were significant differences in average spore and pollen concentration among land use types, indicating that spore and pollen concentrations could reflect the intensity of human activities. The topsoil pollen assemblages in the Tianchi Lake watershed broadly reflected the overall characteristics of current vegetation. However, the interpretation of pollen assemblages required comprehensive consideration of various influencing factors, including soil erosion and palynological preservation conditions.

Key words: topsoil pollen, vegetation, pollen analysis, karst trough valley, Tianchi Lake watershed

韩莎, 蒋勇军, 郝秀东, 田兴, 欧阳绪红, 秦琳娟, 韦嘉胜, 戴涛. 川东岩溶槽谷区天池湖流域表土孢粉与现代植被的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(11): 3296-3304.

HAN Sha, JIANG Yongjun, HAO Xiudong, TIAN Xing, OUYANG Xuhong, QIN Linjuan, WEI Jiasheng, DAI Tao. Relationship between topsoil pollen and modern vegetation in the Tianchi Lake watershed in the karst trough valley of eastern Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(11): 3296-3304.

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川东岩溶槽谷区天池湖流域表土孢粉与现代植被的关系

Relationship between topsoil pollen and modern vegetation in the Tianchi Lake watershed in the karst trough valley of eastern Sichuan Basin, China

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